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Does Amazon's Clickworker Platform Exploit Its Workers? (techrepublic.com) 153

500,000 people signed up for Amazon's Mechanical Turk, one of several online microjobs platforms that "let companies break jobs into smaller tasks and offer them to people across the globe," reports TechRepublic. But though these workers have trouble communicating directly with Amazon, in any given month about 20,000 of them may be active, "part of an invisible, online workforce -- one that is increasingly in demand for their vital role in helping train intelligent machines."

But are these platforms part of a disturbing new trend? Long-time Slashdot reader Paul Fernhout writes: Hope Reese and Nick Heath at TechRepublic ask: "do they democratize work or exploit the disempowered?" The article says: "Just over half of Turkers earn below the US federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, according to a Pew Research Center study." The article quotes people who believe "it will become increasingly common for computer systems to orchestrate labor." That trend was also was the beginning of Marshall Brain's "Manna" short story.
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Does Amazon's Clickworker Platform Exploit Its Workers?

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  • Basic Income (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Sunday December 18, 2016 @07:57AM (#53507403)

    Is it easy to exploit independent contractors? What about Uber, aren't they contractors? I don't know if they're being exploited. But maybe the solution is to tax the rich, including rich companies, to help pay for a basic income of sorts.

    Something like...
    For citizens and permanent residents
    $750/month/65+ year old or Social Security, whichever is higher.
    $500/month/22-65 year old
    $250/month/21-
    With a 10% tax on AGI.
    If we scrap S.N.A.P., increase those figures by $200/month/person.

    Having a guaranteed income of sorts, even a minor one like this, would help independent contracts, artists, etc. People with unstable incomes.

    I figure this could cost $1.2 trillion per year. Any thoughts?

  • by MightyYar ( 622222 ) on Sunday December 18, 2016 @07:59AM (#53507405)

    Why the heck us the US minimum wage as a standard to compare against? These people can be anywhere in the world - better to compare to their local minimum wage... Or better yet, typical wages for this type of work in their locality.

    • by dinfinity ( 2300094 ) on Sunday December 18, 2016 @10:02AM (#53507687)

      From TFA:
      "Who are Turkers? [...] About 75% are Americans, roughly 15-20% are from India, and the remaining 10% are from other countries."

      • There are two important questions here: why do Americans use it when it pays them so little, and why does the majority of the world for whom it'd represent a great pay raise not use it?

        • 1) Because a huge amount of Americans have no solid or reliable income and are desperate for any way to buy food.
          2) There are a few reasons - and they correlate with the numbers.
          - Internet access is not evenly distributed over the globe. India has very good access, and so significant people can make use of the system -for them it's good money
          - Europe mostly has BETTER internet than the US, as does South Korea, but those regions have low unemployment, very good labour protections and laws, and powerful union

    • 1. You need access to a computer and a reasonably fast internet connection to make that money. If you've got an old computer and a slow connection you won't be able to grind out enough work.

      2. If you've cleared hurdle #1 you're probably in a country with higher base wages.

      I'm also questioning even the $7.25 number. It's usually something put forward by the companies. It's usually calculated on the basis of superhuman capabilities or unattainable bonus or raise programs.
      • by skids ( 119237 )

        Yeah pretty much. The code used by the micro-employers usually involves something totally hacked together requiring huge horsepower to do really simple things, so an old pentium with low ram running a pirated copy of winxp on an intermittent IP connection is not going to cut it. Plus there's little to build confidence that any of it as been looked over to make sure some "employers" aren't just going around owning workers' machines with malware.

        I played with this thing when it first came out mostly just to

    • by plopez ( 54068 )

      Why are we dragging people down? Isn't the idea to generate more wealth so everyone benefits? That's a really poor argument as economies exist only to benefit people. An economy is an artifact to get people what they want and need. If it doesn't do that the economy is broken.

      • I don't really know what you are arguing. I'm not dragging anyone down. When you travel to, say, Malaysia, you can go to a restaurant and eat the best fish head curry you've ever had with a milk tea for about $3. The same meal in the US would be about $12 or so. It is absurd to compare the salary of someone who lives in a place with a $3 lunch to someone who lives in a place with a $12 lunch.

  • by swb ( 14022 ) on Sunday December 18, 2016 @08:03AM (#53507419)

    It seems like these systems are exploitative by design, even if exploitation wasn't explicitly the goal. They're designed with every possible algorithm and available data to maximize labor output at the lowest possible cost. Individual workers are operating at extreme information asymmetry and against a system which does not negotiate and only offers a take it or leave it choice.

    While this reduction in labor costs may have some broader macroeconomic value, making some goods or services cheaper and more widely available it seems like the end result would ultimately just look like labor exploitation.

    • The gig economy, zero-hours contracts - it's all pushing the casualisation of the workforce.

      • The gig economy, zero-hours contracts - it's all pushing the casualisation of the workforce.

        That is not necessarily a bad thing. Most gig-economy workers do it part-time to earn some extra income, not as their main job. Amazon Turk is an easy way to make some extra cash at home, in the evening, or while watching the kids, It is simple, unstructured work, that can be done by anyone, anywhere.

        When my daughter was in high school, she earned spending money as a turker. She would do tasks in one window, while watching a movie or Youtube videos in another. Many of the tasks are mindless drone work,

        • Most gig-economy workers do it part-time to earn some extra income, not as their main job.

          Wasn't that the same excuse they used to pay women less?

          In any case, don't you think that this will spread?

          On your marks, set, go! The bottom's that way \|/

    • by ThatsMyNick ( 2004126 ) on Sunday December 18, 2016 @08:31AM (#53507481)

      I used to do turk when I was in college (years ago). All I did was academic surveys and tests for academic studies. I dont think it was anywhere close to minimum wage, but I had fun and I enjoyed doing it. Some of them will also invite me for follow up studies. I can tell for sure those researchers did not intent to exploit, nor did I felt exploited. It would good beer money.

      • I don't think anyone has a problem with universities having participation payments below minimum wage -- it's the commercial entities exploiting people for profit that we object to.
    • Re: (Score:2, Troll)

      It's Amazon. Why should they treat Turkers any better than anyone else who works for them?
    • by khallow ( 566160 ) on Sunday December 18, 2016 @10:19AM (#53507753)

      It seems like these systems are exploitative by design, even if exploitation wasn't explicitly the goal. They're designed with every possible algorithm and available data to maximize labor output at the lowest possible cost. Individual workers are operating at extreme information asymmetry and against a system which does not negotiate and only offers a take it or leave it choice.

      I sure hope these systems are exploitive. Labor is only empowering when it is exploited. And what is forgotten is that workers exploit the system as well. They get money which they value more than their work. And another name for mutual exploitation is cooperation.

      The information asymmetry and those algorithms aren't that extreme or that relevant. Individual would-be workers get plenty of information from such markets just from pricing and work requirements. And they have better knowledge of their personal condition and what options, including regular work, that they can do instead.

      Also, take it or leave it still allows for a lot of negotiation. As I implied earlier, there are multiple potential employers out there. And if the payout isn't good enough, the potential employer will either have to offer more or just leave it. Negotiation enters the picture, if they choose not to leave it themselves.

      It's really sad to see such widespread misunderstanding of labor economics. The world is becoming a vastly better place precisely because peoples' labor can and is exploited. It not only empowers people and allows them to better their lot in life, it creates more opportunities for labor-based exploitation and empowerment. There are few human activities with that kind of positive feedback.

      Things like Mechanical Turk fix the very problems that you complain they have. I think it would be better to get out of the way rather than than issue a complaint that really boils down to there being desperate people. There won't be less desperate people just because we interfere with and obstruct some of the means for lessening such desperation.

      • by skids ( 119237 )

        And they have better knowledge of their personal condition and what options, including regular work, that they can do instead.

        On the one hand, this is why such systems are not extremely popular: many people realize their time is better spent on other endeavors rather than trying to find the rare decently-paying microjob. On the other hand, assumptions that all actors in any economic model are fully equipped to act in their own self-interest is a fundamental flaw in the philosophy that underpins a lot of these systems, and what people generally mean by "exploitation" when they apply negative connotations to it is acting on pervers

        • by khallow ( 566160 )

          On the one hand, this is why such systems are not extremely popular: many people realize their time is better spent on other endeavors rather than trying to find the rare decently-paying microjob. On the other hand, assumptions that all actors in any economic model are fully equipped to act in their own self-interest is a fundamental flaw in the philosophy that underpins a lot of these systems, and what people generally mean by "exploitation" when they apply negative connotations to it is acting on perverse incentives to keep your workforce ignorant of their own best interests or powerless to pursue them.

          It's pretty mild for a fundamental flaw. People don't have to be perfect to take advantage of a system like Mechanical Turk.

          For systems like mturk to live up to their potential, they have to balance getting employers a good value with improving employee conditions.

          They do that automatically. Every transaction occurs because the employer is getting value while the employee is getting improving conditions.

          • by skids ( 119237 )

            They do that automatically.

            My point is this idea is naive. To take an extreme example, what do these systems do to ensure labor input to the system is not slave labor?

            • by khallow ( 566160 )

              To take an extreme example, what do these systems do to ensure labor input to the system is not slave labor?

              Not their job. And I don't believe that is a credible problem either.

              • by skids ( 119237 )

                I did say it was an extreme example... it could happen, but given the wages MTurk pays, it might be more profitable to force your slaves to sew shoes.

                There are many more subtle ways the service could become counterproductive in some regions/cultures/economies, though.

                As far as what is and is not "their job," well there are certain responsibilities everyone, including corporations, share, whether or not they want to admit it. While the free market can eliminate most bad models, some of the ways they get eli

                • by khallow ( 566160 )

                  There are many more subtle ways the service could become counterproductive in some regions/cultures/economies, though.

                  Well, let's see those ways then.

                  As far as what is and is not "their job," well there are certain responsibilities everyone, including corporations, share, whether or not they want to admit it.

                  And whether or not these responsibilities only exist in your head, amirite? The obvious rebuttal here is that dealing with slavery is the job of the local government not Amazon.

                  While the free market can eliminate most bad models, some of the ways they get eliminated can be completely disastrous, and in those cases, it is to everyone's benefit if other mechanisms outside the free market short circuit that before the default solution of a collapsing economy, poverty, and civil unrest kicks in.

                  Let's hear of some real world examples then rather than this vague talk.

                  Which is why the word "exploitation" often has negative connotations. It won't shed these by trying to institute goodspeak, only by solving the underlying issues.

                  Which apparently is now Amazon's unpaid job to do.

                  Let's go back to your first example. Slaves being forced to toil in the MTurk salt mines. Ignoring for a moment, the cost of supervising a clicking horde and providing them with

            • Answer: nothing.
              Indeed, if I wanted to kidnap a bunch of people to use as slave labour, this would be the perfect setup. Open a bunch of accounts, chain them up in front of PCs and have them working MT jobs all day while I stand behind them with a whip and all the money flows into my accounts.

              Now I'm not the kind of horrible person who would ever do such a thing - but there are no shortage of people who are. In fact, there are more slaves in the world right now then were sold during the entire existence of

    • It seems like these systems are exploitative by design, even if exploitation wasn't explicitly the goal. They're designed with every possible algorithm and available data to maximize labor output at the lowest possible cost. Individual workers are operating at extreme information asymmetry and against a system which does not negotiate and only offers a take it or leave it choice.

      This is by far the best comment I've ever seen regarding this sort of algorithmic labor management.

      Normally I'm all for this sort of thing--my company is a client and uses it to handle large bursts of data processing quickly--but the information symmetry argument is a powerful one. Also, there doesn't seem to be a lot of competition in this space, which might otherwise ameliorate a lot of the problems induced by the "take it or leave it" bargaining approach.

      The analysis provided by the article is absur

  • Really bad jobs (Score:4, Interesting)

    by gweihir ( 88907 ) on Sunday December 18, 2016 @08:22AM (#53507461)

    I had a look at it a while back, and the only way to get to a salary you will not starve on seems to be to do the jobs so badly and fast that they just barely get accepted. Actually following the description on what you should do will get you paid much lower than that minimum wage.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday December 18, 2016 @08:27AM (#53507471)

    "You could be tagging faces in a crowd, but maybe something is being built for a malicious purpose or something," she said. "You don't know what you're doing, exactly, because there's no information."

    I've seen a few stories how big software are saying they won't build a Muslim database. Well, here's how to do it - and no one will know the difference.

    "Your assignment is to pick all the women with hijabs."

    Your assignment is to match these photos with names."

    "Your assignment is to find the men in their family"

    Easy peasy and all for less than minimum wage.

  • Let's just reinstate slavery!

  • When I've had Mechanical Turk do work, I have had many workers from the US, but also some from Europe and many from India. So plenty of workers are outside the US minimum wage zone.

  • Hasn't Amazon Mechanical Turk been around for, like, 15 years?

  • Amazon is a global company and people outside the US can work for it too. So when you say 'Federal minimum rate' which country are you referring to? I assume its the US. But USD 7.95 per hour is more than the minimum wage per day in many third world countries.

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