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New Mega-Botnet Discovered 257

yahoi writes "According to the DarkReading article, 'Researchers have discovered a major botnet operating out of the Ukraine that has infected 1.9 million machines, including large corporate and government PCs mainly in the US. The botnet, which appears to be larger than the infamous Storm botnet was in its heyday, has infected machines from some 77 government-owned domains — 51 of which are in the US government. Researchers from Finjan who found the botnet say it's controlled by six individuals, and includes machines in major banks.'"
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New Mega-Botnet Discovered

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  • Can Help? (Score:5, Funny)

    by arizwebfoot ( 1228544 ) * on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @06:52PM (#27681155)
    Can they fix the government? Infect AIG and get our money back?

    Maybe this isn't such a bad thing after all.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Daengbo ( 523424 )

      Maybe this isn't such a bad thing after all.

      Maybe it'll finally open the government's eyes to protecting their networks. They are generally in really bad shape. There are some exceptional sysadmins out there, but they are often hogtied by anti-security regulations and expectations.

      • Cue the response of the typical /. user:

        "I use linux and firefox and noscript and noflash and adblock plus.... so therefore I should be able to surf ANY site I want to..."

        • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

          by dov_0 ( 1438253 )
          Actually I do have fun occasionally picking at malware and malicious websites, but I can't get them to infect my Linux machine. Even without noscript, noflash, nofun etc. At the present time, those with a reasonably secure Linux box at home are pretty safe from nearly all common attacks.
          • Re:Can Help? (Score:5, Insightful)

            by pwizard2 ( 920421 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @07:56PM (#27681695)
            Although Linux is better than most systems out there and is resistant to the various drive-by attack methods, nothing is completely impervious to malware. Linux can still get hit with a trojan if the user can be tricked into installing a tainted package as root.
            • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

              by dov_0 ( 1438253 )
              So the attackers for the main part have to fall back on social engineering. That's a pretty good advertisement for the software I reckon!
              • Re:Can Help? (Score:5, Insightful)

                by Bigjeff5 ( 1143585 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @10:06PM (#27682633)

                Ever notice that 99% of trojan and virus attacks require user intervention?

                Social Engineering is the primary attack risk to a computer network once basic protection measures are taken (firewall, AV, and current updates), because users are the primary vulnerability. That's why it is usually worth the trouble to simply give the user bare minimum rights to their machines. It helps limit the damage they can cause.

                This is, however, inconvenient, and so is not done universally. There are even reasons not to do it that are sound, though requiring any kind of security generally makes low user rights a necessity.

              • To be fair, though, that's the major attack vector for Windows users too. There aren't a whole lot of zero-day attacks out there for Windows; most worms, trojans, etc. propagate via users who haven't bothered to patch their machines.

                Basically, it comes down to the fact that the Linux userbase is still more security conscious than the Windows userbase.

              • Re:Can Help? (Score:4, Informative)

                by gad_zuki! ( 70830 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @10:34PM (#27682817)

                This is true in windows too. Remember Storm? It was created with simple .exe files, not any exploits. I believe they just mass emailed 'greetingcard.exe.' Grandma ran it. Thats all it takes. It blows my mind mail servers are sending out executable to people in this day and age.

                A computer is just as secure as its operator.

            • if windows ever gets their act together so that Windows is better than *nix (linux, mac, solaris, etc), then you can bet that the crackers, virus writers will turn to where it is easier.
            • Re:Can Help? (Score:5, Interesting)

              by speculatrix ( 678524 ) on Thursday April 23, 2009 @04:31AM (#27684527)
              actually, computers can be made much more robust to viruses and trojans, however, there's fundamental problems with the x86 architecture and the way we program that are hard to overcome.

              Let me take you back in time to when most computers were embedded systems. The program ran from ROM (or EEPROM) and could not be changed at all without physically switching out the non-volatile memory - in-system programming was a rarity. Moreover, many processor architectures had entirely separate executable and data spaces - you couldn't actually write to the executable memory, so even if it was flash or battery-backed static RAM, it wouldn't work. Thus no matter how corrupt the data became, it could only crash the software or make it misbehave; to restore operation you'd simply reset the CPU and everything would return to normal!

              In contrast, the x86 usually boots the OS into RAM, even shadowing the BIOS into RAM (because it's faster), and it's possible to scribble all over executable code space - the obvious example being to overflow stack space to execute unauthorised code. The NX bit was added relatively recently to ameliorate these problems.

              Sparc architecture has been more resilient to attack too, partly because of its relative obscurity, but mainly due to its relative immunity to stack smashing.
        • Re:Can Help? (Score:5, Insightful)

          by steveb3210 ( 962811 ) * on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @09:14PM (#27682257)

          Cue the response of the typical /. user:

          "I use linux and firefox and noscript and noflash and adblock plus.... so therefore I should be able to surf ANY site I want to..."

          Too bad you forgot to turn off images and just got pwned by the 0 day buffer overflow the hackers discovered in libjpeg.

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        by Anonymous Coward

        It won't open eyes. It will encourage laws like the DMCA to sweep the problems under the rug. Security through obscurity doesn't work in the long haul, but in the short run, it is great.

        I can see Draconian laws being passed banning ownership of "hacking tools" (debuggers come to mind) that might catch some clueless script kiddie from some junior high school, whom is promptly made an example with, having adult felony Federal charges pressed. However, the people in Elbonia will still be running their botne

      • Re:Can Help? (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @08:48PM (#27682097)

        Maybe it'll finally open the government's eyes to protecting their networks.

        Oh, they realize it. There is a big push to have a standard [nist.gov] secure desktop to all of the Fed's computer. The standard is good. It does everything that you'd expect for a secure desktop. Restriction of services, and admin accounts, and blocking Active X controls. Lock down the ability to connect to Windows share willy-nilly. Make sure that all the patches to software are installed in a timely fashion. (IE: Conflicker should not be infecting Federal machines, if they were following these guidelines, they would have had the patch deployed in 10 days) And the best part is (in theory anyway, I have yet to see it actually happen) that if a software vendor wants to be on GSA, they need to certify that their application can run without admin rights. And if they don't they need to document exactly why.

        The problem? It was supposed to be implemented February of 20088. And outside of a few big pilot programs, nobody has the thing 100% implemented yet.

        Part of the problem is that if you implement everything, you're practically guaranteed to not be able to work in your environment, so one must find and document the exceptions. If you have a crappy network/desktop practices to begin with, you'll be screwed in your deployment. Our practices were good to begin with, scoring 80% compliance, and it didn't take much to get to 90%, but that last 3% to be in the green is proving to be a killer.

        There are some exceptional sysadmins out there, but they are often hogtied by anti-security regulations and expectations.

        The regulations generally aren't the problem (Though just last month it was announced that Entrust encrypted email is no longer acceptable to send PII through. You have to use an encrypted USB thumbdrive. And not just any drive, A Kanagaroo drive. No BlackBox Data Travellers, no IronKeys, just these colorful Kanagroo drives, so sometimes the regs don't make sense), it's the expectations. I'm always told that "The company (I work for a subcontractor to the feds) will do everything that they can to make sure that we meet Cyber's needs". Which is great until somebody with enough political clout is inconvenienced. Fortionatly, this is becoming more and more rare, as the Feds have been backing our decisions.

        Support from software vendors also suck: "It works for us, why don't you give them admin rights, that'll fix it?" Uh, not just no, HELL NO

        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          by Daengbo ( 523424 )

          From the FAQ

          What operating systems have FDCC settings?

          Currently, FDCC settings are intended for Microsoft Windows XP Professional with Service Pack (SP) 2 or SP 3 and Microsoft Windows Vista Business, Microsoft Windows Vista Enterprise, and Microsoft Windows Vista Ultimate with SP 1.
          ...

          The Federal Desktop Core Configuration (FDCC) is an OMB-mandated security configuration.

          So ... to be in compliance, you can only run Windows desktops, is that correct? Wow! Way to feed the MS machine.

          • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

            by Daengbo ( 523424 )

            No. NIST does not endorse the use of any particular product or system. NIST is not mandating the use of the Windows XP or Vista operating systems, nor is NIST establishing conditions or prerequisites for Federal agency procurement or deployment of any system. NIST is not precluding any Federal agency from procuring or deploying other computer hardware or software for which NIST has not developed a publication, security configuration checklist, or virtual testing environment. Although the FDCC currently applies to Windows XP and Vista, security guidance is available for other platforms. The OMB and GSA updated the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) on February 28, 2008, Part 39 now reads as follows:

            Nevermind. My first post was inaccurate.

  • Big PC's!!! (Score:5, Funny)

    by gandhi_2 ( 1108023 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @06:55PM (#27681173) Homepage

    large corporate and government PCs

    So small ones are mostly safe.

    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      by Red Flayer ( 890720 )

      So small ones are mostly safe.

      Duh. Small PCs make small packets, which are far less likely to clog the tubes.

      My question is, since when is 1.9 million PCs a megabotnet?

      A botnet by definition needs at least four PCs (since otherwise it's a botpoint, botlinesegment, or bottriangle -- you can hardly catch fish with a "net" without cross-segments, which you need at least four nodes to make). So a megabotnet needs (1 million)*4 == 4 million PCs.

      Sheesh.

      • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

        by geekoid ( 135745 )

        Actually it's 4194304

      • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

        by Red Flayer ( 890720 )
        Seriously, wtf? Insightful?

        That was a complete tongue-in-cheek post...

        Wish I could *whoosh* the moderator(s).
      • Get off my lawn! Megabots are so 1980's. We had Transformers back before you whippersnappers were even born!

      • Not to be pedantic but, really, your calculation are off...

        Your definitions are correct: a botnet needs 4 botpoints, and is composed of 4 botlinesegments, and 4 bottriangle.

        However, its easy to see that by adding only 1 botpoint to the botnet you can create a 4 additionals botnets and as scuh create a 5-botnets.

        So you can create a 5-botnet with 5 PCs (if they all connect to each other).

        Now its easy to see that 1.9M PC can be used to create a 1 MegaBotnet, and potentially much more if they were all interconn

        • Your definitions are correct: a botnet needs 4 botpoints, and is composed of 4 botlinesegments, and 4 bottriangle.

          Correction a botnet needs 4 botpoints, and is composed of 6 botlinesegments, and 4 bottriangles.

      • by Plutonite ( 999141 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @09:42PM (#27682463)

        >My question is, since when is 1.9 million PCs a megabotnet?

        Look sonny, in my day, we had to carry our megabotnets uphill both ways, in the snow, and we didn't complain, and the master nodes sent out instructions with punch cards that were sent via carrier pigeon. A million computers was something we doubted any deity could create, but we were wrong. I don't think I have to tell you to get off my lawn. Wait, you're still there? GET OFF MY F*CKING LAWN. Damn kids.

      • friggin marketers. 2^10, not 10^6.
  • It looks like Guardian [imdb.com] has finally been uncovered. Everybody act really friendly, no fast moves to the on/off switch.

  • Need I say more? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by udippel ( 562132 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @06:59PM (#27681229)

    From the article:
    Around 45 percent of the bots are in the U.S., and the machines are Windows XP.

    On the other hand:
    Nearly 80 percent run Internet Explorer; 15 percent, Firefox; 3 percent, Opera; and 1 percent Safari
    What else does one expect? Since it is an infection spread through trojans on legitimate sites and XP the target, what can we expect the browser to do?

    In the end, we might see all browsers running completely sandboxed on demand, that is: no interaction with the rest of the system; a 'browse-only' kiosk.

    • In the end, we might see all browsers running completely sandboxed on demand, that is: no interaction with the rest of the system; a 'browse-only' kiosk.

      Then what would people use to download and upload files? Would FTP come back into style?

      • Re:FTP? (Score:5, Interesting)

        by TubeSteak ( 669689 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @07:08PM (#27681301) Journal

        Then what would people use to download and upload files? Would FTP come back into style?

        I already use a program called SandBoxie after seeing it mentioned on /.
        You can either allow files to escape the sandbox on a case by case basis or setup default allows wherever you like.
        And as a general comment, it's terribly easy to allow files into a sandbox, like when you want to upload something, but not allow any changes out.

        P.S. FTP server/client software has terrible security. Even the most popular ones, which have been around for over a decade, still get hit with remote exploits.

        • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

          by Anonymous Coward

          Sandboxie rules!! I don't use XP machines often but if I have to run something that I don't entirely trust *cough*keygen*cough* I just use it.

          Something to note, as my wife painfully discovered: Sandboxie is useless with patches since it can't "technically" patch the real binary, and if it patches the binary with a trojan AND you move the patched binary out of the sandbox...you're fUx0R3d. Yeah, now she's using Linux and forbidden from playing any Windows games at all after that episode...and she was sitting

        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          by Browzer ( 17971 )

          File Transfer Protocol has been around since the early 1970s, and while most servers/clients FTP implementations have a history of exploits, their weakness is due not necessarily because of the exploits but rather because of the way the FTP protocol transfers information. FTP communication includes not only the transfer of files but also the transfer of authentication parameters. All this information is transferred in clear text. Clear text is also the way http transfer information/files. You can think

        • by Nimey ( 114278 )

          Too bad SandboxIE doesn't work with 64-bit Windows.

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        by udippel ( 562132 )

        As you may guess, I am aware of the consequences. Though it seems to make sense in many cases, when everything any anything that one downloads is just for rendering the site.

        Would FTP come back into style?
        I, actually, hope not. Not FTP. But maybe a new system where users click some 'I want to download this file' button and get the content via an e-mail? Oh, wait, that's only slightly better than FTP.
        Still, yes, a separate channel for file transfer outside of that box, not using any http could be safer.

      • I've been playing around with this a bit http://www.sandboxie.com/ [sandboxie.com] even though it puts your browser in a sandbox, you can move anything you downloaded to it to your system. I'm not sure how well it works I've only just found it.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Zak3056 ( 69287 )

      In the end, we might see all browsers running completely sandboxed on demand, that is: no interaction with the rest of the system; a 'browse-only' kiosk.

      Given the story a few posts down the main page about an exploit that can jailbreak out of a VM to attack other VMs and the host itself, or the one from a few months back that infected the BIOS to the point where the only possible repair was to pull and replace the the chip itself, I don't think that even a fully sandboxed browser will be good enough in the

  • Quick! (Score:5, Funny)

    by anjilslaire ( 968692 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @07:01PM (#27681245) Homepage
    Get Abby & the whole NCIS crew on the job. Everyone know a goth hacker chick will solve it!
  • Have they used it yet, and have we seen an effect?
    Within the past few days, I have seen an increase in spam volume.. It's been an interesting week so far.

  • by east coast ( 590680 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @07:17PM (#27681385)
    I wonder if the AVG product they were using was the freeware version or one of the commercial products...

    I think it's great that they find this kind of stuff but at the same time I have some misgivings about how they don't do much to point the public in the right direction as far as finding out if they're infected or what they can do to remedy the situation. It seems that a lot of security articles are lean on providing the details about helping yourself to a more secure system.
    • by mcrbids ( 148650 )

      It seems that a lot of security articles are lean on providing the details about helping yourself to a more secure system.

      If your system was more secure, you wouldn't need security experts to secure it.

      • by Plekto ( 1018050 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @08:17PM (#27681875)

        Blurred screen shots, off-handed mention of files and sites...

        Why not at least release specifics so that we can avoid these sites?(or at least get them to clean up their act)? Why not give us details about the actual filenames and so on?

        Or at least give us details on the actual control application and the files it is paid to infect the computers with so that we can avoid them.

        Articles like this annoy me because they accomplish nothing constructive.

  • by osvenskan ( 1446645 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @07:18PM (#27681391)
    It's just "Ukraine", not "the Ukraine".
    • by Nimey ( 114278 )

      It's one of those habitual things. Some English-speakers (not sure if this is American-specific) refer to certain countries with the definite article, like the Ukraine or the Sudan.

      I'm not sure where that came from.

  • by geekoid ( 135745 ) <{moc.oohay} {ta} {dnaltropnidad}> on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @07:24PM (#27681433) Homepage Journal

    Now with more Bot to boost your immune system!

  • Clean up botnets (Score:5, Insightful)

    by DragonDru ( 984185 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @07:51PM (#27681645)
    How can we expect to clean up the botnets if the hosts are never contacted. I may think I am clean, but if I unknowingly lack the skills to know better, I would never know better, and would never do better. The big papers detailing botnets never provide enough details to know if *I* screwed up the internet.
    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      by muckracer ( 1204794 )

      > The big papers detailing botnets never provide enough details to know
      > if *I* screwed up the internet.

      You did and we'll never forgive you! :-)

    • Bear in mind, the good guys have to follow the same rules the bad guys get away with breaking.

    • by Barny ( 103770 ) on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @09:48PM (#27682499) Journal

      I am on it, you see I have this great product called Antivirus 2009, don't worry, I have sent out over 2 billion emails detailing its advantages to people.

      Also, I have these pills...

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Dadoo ( 899435 )

      Personally, I think it's time we started fining people, when their computers are found in a botnet. Start small at, say, $10, then double it for each subsequent violation, until it reaches $160, or even $320. Then, Microsoft will either have to fix the problem, or people will start using more secure operating systems. Either way, it's a win for the Internet.

  • I thought this article was about this story from the BBC about UK government PCs in botnets, is it a coincidence that two Windows based government botnet stories appear at the same time? Or is this just a sign of how fit Windows is for the job.

    http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8010729.stm

    "All of the infected machines were Windows-based PCs and the vulnerability was targeting security holes in Internet Explorer and Firefox."
  • A computer worm that spreads through low security networks, memory sticks, and PCs without the latest security updates is posing a growing threat to users blitheringly stupid enough [today.com] to still think Windows is not ridiculously and unfixably insecure by design.

    Despite many years' warnings that Microsoft regards security as a marketing problem and has only ever done the absolute minimum it can get away with, millions of users who click on any rubbish they see in the hope of pictures of female tennis stars having wardrobe malfunctions still fail to believe that taking Windows out on the Internet is like standing bent over in the street in downtown Gomorrah, naked, arse greased up and carrying a flashing neon sign saying "COME AND GET IT."

    Microsoft cannot believe people have not applied the patch for the problem, just because they keep trying to use Windows Genuine Advantage to break legally-bought systems. "Don't they trust us?" sobbed marketing marketer Steve Ballmer.

    Millions of smug Mac users and the four hundred smug Linux users pointed and laughed, having long given up trying to convince their Windows-using friends to see sense. "There's a reason the Unix system on Mac OS X is called Darwin," said appallingly smug Mac user Arty Phagge.

    "It can't be stupid if everyone else runs it," said Windows user Joe Beleaguered, who had lost all his email, business files, MP3s and porn again. "Macs cost more than Windows PCs."

    "Yes," said Phagge. "Yes, they do."

    Ubuntu Linux developer Hiram Nerdboy frantically tried to get our attention about something or other, but we can't say we care.

    • Sure a good thing those Macs don't have an active botnet [arstechnica.com] out there or anything. Errr, well, ok but surely this will be the only one ever. If more people switch making the platform a larger target, there won't be any more, ever!

      I get a little tired of this silliness of "Oh Windows is unfixably hackable!" That shows an amazing ignorance of computer security. Good admins realize that there is no such thing as perfect security, and no system that can't be broken in to. So the answer isn't the hunt for the per

      • by db32 ( 862117 )
        What? You mean that downloading illegal software and then installing "evil trojan" isn't safe? Hell those Mac users probably even got a nice dialog box asking them for their password to continue to install the trojan. Totally the same thing as the drive by installs so common in Windows.

        Now I agree with most of what you say, but the OS design behind XP and friends IS inherently flawed. Defense in depth is the only sane approach to security, but the depth that you must go to is going to be influenced gre
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        The crowing on about Macs really makes me think of a home analogy: The Mac types have decided security comes from living in a gated community away from the "rabble". They pay to live in their special enclave, and figure the exclusivity keeps them safe. Over all, it does, they are a smaller target. However they are lax on their security because of this, they leave doors unlocked, valuable laying around and so on. However the security is all in appearances, it isn't real. Finally, someone decides to hit the community, and simply goes off road and bypasses the gate guard. They then have free run, because of the laxness of the users.

        By the same analogy, Linux users moved some place where there was no town or civilized society of any sort, built their own community brick by brick, and the place isn't even on the map. But, they still aren't boneheaded enough to leave their doors unlocked. Linux users lock their doors using locks that they created, made their own latching systems to actually open the doors when unlocked, and know what their houses looked like when they left, so they can identify anything out-of-place when they return.

  • Wow (Score:4, Insightful)

    by David Gerard ( 12369 ) <{ku.oc.draregdivad} {ta} {todhsals}> on Wednesday April 22, 2009 @08:02PM (#27681741) Homepage
    For once, an article on botnets notes that the infected machines are in fact Windows. You don't see that often.
  • Only six? (Score:4, Funny)

    by PPH ( 736903 ) on Thursday April 23, 2009 @12:04AM (#27683371)

    Researchers from Finjan who found the botnet say it's controlled by six individuals,

    We should be able to shut this one down with one clip in a .45.

    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      by mjwx ( 966435 )

      Researchers from Finjan who found the botnet say it's controlled by six individuals,

      We should be able to shut this one down with one clip in a .45.

      -1 inefficient, you should only need a revolver for this job.

  • what of the ISP's (Score:4, Insightful)

    by cdn-programmer ( 468978 ) <terrNO@SPAMterralogic.net> on Thursday April 23, 2009 @05:14AM (#27684759)

    What of the ISP's that host these botnets. Many of these botnets are used to spew spam. If they do then this is easily detected and IMHO the ISP uplink in question should simply pull the plug and advise their client that it looks as if their toilet is broken because there sure seems to be a lot of sh*t coming from them.

    I know my ISP does this. I know because they have phoned me and I had to advise them its not my OpenBSD servers generating spew, but another of their clients on the subnet. We found it fairly quickly.

    I've heard so many excuses. Some involve excuses it would breach service agreements. So lets look at that one. How many end users write service agreement contracts? How many end users even read them? I think the answer here is obvious. Pretty much anything reasonable can be written into the contracts so that sort of excuse doesn't hold much water.

    The obvious answer is the ISP's in question actually might make money carrying this spew. They certainly made money when they provided connectivity to known spammers. They also make money when they charge extra for static IP's. Note that a static IP makes it much easier to trace and quarantine a bot.

    If we want these problems to go away then one way to address the issue is to look at issues of an accessory either before or after the fact.

    Let me provide an example. If someone digs a big hole in the road and someone else drives in and wreaks their car and many kills some people in the process, then the excuse of "I didn't know a car could fall into a hole" or "I didn't think anyone would drive their car down this road at night" or any other excuse that might be dreamed up is not likely going to carry much weight. If someone sees the hole and ignores it using the excuse that "Well, its not my hole", then that excuse also is not likely to hold much weight.

    An ISP hosting infected machines should be just as liable as the client who owns it. Many of these botnets reveal themselves. We need to start asking for accountability.

    Consider people like Conrad Black. Last I heard he's in jail. That is accountability. Any excuses he and his lawyers might have dreamed up didn't carry much weight.

    Here is another example. In the movie called "Nuremburg", Alec Baldwin asks in one scene if "anyone in this country accepts responsibility for anything?". I think this says an awful lot. Only one person seemed to be responsible for the killing of millions.

    So in this story we have over 1 million bots discovered and apparently 6 perpetrators and how many are responsible? These bots are identified, now what? I've had more than 50,000 bots attack my servers. Can I call the cops? If I provide IP addresses does anyone pull a plug?

    We need to think on this.

"The vast majority of successful major crimes against property are perpetrated by individuals abusing positions of trust." -- Lawrence Dalzell

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