Car RFID Security System Cracked 383
jmichaelg writes "The NY Times reports that the security chip in new auto keys has been cracked. A team at Johns Hopkins have found a method to extract the 30 bit crypto key that tells your car that the physical key in the ignition switch is the correct key. Texas Instruments has sold some 150 million security chips that are stored in the car key. The devices are credited with reducing car thefts of some car models by 90%. Stealing a crypto key requires standing next to the victim and broadcasting a series of challenges to the key and capturing the responses. The team claims an iPod-sized device would suffice to steal the crypto key in under a second. They advise wrapping your keys in foil when you're not using them. TI admits the team has cracked their code but denies there's any problem."
Umm.. (Score:2, Funny)
No problem? Come again?
Re:Umm.. (Score:3, Funny)
Corrections: (Score:4, Informative)
Secondly, responding to the parent of this post's parent, a neighbor of mine who owned an Integra Type R (that, it just so happens, was exactly like mine) had his car stolen in under two minutes while mall security guards watched. The monkeys smashed the window, opened up the passenger floorboard, snipped the immobilizer lead, shoved a screwdriver into the ignition, and drove off.
The very next morning his car was found, minus its motor and expensive bits, rolled over, several times, into a lake. That he didn't have insurance at the time doesn't make the implementation details of immobilizers more or less important. Improperly implemented, these chips are about as potent as Master locks on chicken-wire fences.
Re:Umm.. (Score:3, Insightful)
The 10 mm round has been downloaded a lot lately so it's more like a beefed up .40 S&W, but full power 10 mm loads are available [doubletapammo.com]. A full power 10 mm load has a lot more velocity than a full power .45 ACP, and close to the same mass. The maximum kinetic energy for a .45+P is about 616 ft lbs, with most +P loads i
Quite so. (Score:5, Insightful)
Lot's of things are possible. Will any statistically significant number of people try this? And how many will be successful? Not many. It's still safer than a regular key system, people should lose sleep over more realistic problems.
Re:Quite so. (Score:2)
Re:Quite so. (Score:5, Informative)
Re:Quite so. (Score:5, Informative)
Here's a pic of the u-channel design: http://image.www.rakuten.co.jp/lock/img1039136153
Re:Quite so. (Score:2)
Re:Quite so. (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Quite so. (Score:2)
Re:Quite so. (Score:2)
Let's see. How much does a car go for on the black market? How long does it take to crack a key? Okay, now let's see what salary we can get from that. And while TI denies the problem, we'll stay in business. And the cars won't go whining that they're being stolen. Naively, this seems to be a nice opportunity for a career change for plenty of folks.
Re:Quite so. (Score:3, Interesting)
it is NOT safer than a regular key system.
also it is designed to make HUGE profits for the car dealers.
my "sensa-key" costs $68.95 to have a copy made, and the dealer tries to extort another $50.00 to program it to the car for spending 36 seconds in the drivers seat.
For anyone that is curious....
put in 1st key yyou already had, shut door, turn ignition on for 12 seconds, turn it off, insert second key you already had, turn ignition on for 12 seconds, turn ignition off, insert new key, turn
Re:Umm.. (Score:4, Funny)
Re:Umm.. (Score:2)
The system can be hacked in theory, however it simply isnt pratical for the theif to go through the trouble. They can always throw a brick in your window. So what do you mean, come again?
One time passwords and 500 errors. (Score:2)
The TI just actually had a code instead of a straight forward signal transmission.
One time passwords should really be used on key codes. so even if the first time you capture it, the second time you will not.
Here is a patented HIGHLY COMPLEX example:
Key: "Hey kids, what time is it"
Car: "Who are you calling kids? punk, it is 3:12 on Grunesday at Octovemberial"
Key: "Groovy, erm, I bet I can tell you the number
I knew it! (Score:5, Funny)
Re: I knew it! (Score:5, Funny)
> Good thing I always keep my keys wrapped in tinfoil.
I just carry mine under my hat.
Re: I knew it! (Score:2, Funny)
Re:I knew it! (Score:3, Informative)
Pedantic plagiarizing follows.
Why is aluminum foil sometimes called tin foil?
In 1919, the U.S. Foil Company, parent of Reynolds Metals Company was founded in Louisville, Kentucky to produce lead and tin foil. Then in 1926, the company entered the aluminum business, rolling aluminum foil for packaging. Today, Reynolds Wrap is made from 8111 alloy aluminum, at the thickest gauge specifications avail
Easy Access (Score:2, Informative)
At long last... (Score:2, Funny)
the good news. (Score:4, Funny)
don't you mean... (Score:3, Funny)
My sig (Score:3, Funny)
And? (Score:2, Insightful)
Should they hotwire a car they need to steal an RFID code for, or the one (Like mine, sadly) that you just have to hardwire... or jam a screwdriver in the ignition and twist...
You know the world is coming to an end when... (Score:5, Funny)
30 Bit Key? That's like soooo 1990 (Score:4, Insightful)
Re: (Score:3, Funny)
Re:30 Bit Key? That's like soooo 1990 (Score:2, Insightful)
Regards,
Steve
Re:30 Bit Key? That's like soooo 1990 (Score:2, Interesting)
so...
1073741824 combinations
*3 seconds
gives us 102 years to scan all
Re:30 Bit Key? That's like soooo 1990 (Score:5, Funny)
Re:30 Bit Key? That's like soooo 1990 (Score:5, Informative)
Sounds like bullshit to me. What does happen is that after a certain number of incorrect codes, the ignition/injection ECU will lock out, usually requiring a special tool to reset. Or, in the case of all BMWs made since 1981, a 6" piece of wire to short two pins for a few seconds.
Re:30 Bit Key? That's like soooo 1990 (Score:2)
Re:30 Bit Key? That's like soooo 1990 (Score:3, Funny)
They probably gave in to pressure from the NSA, which didn't want the encryption to be too hard to break. Those NSA folks like to joyride.:)
It's limited by the chip (Score:5, Interesting)
Also, when you get down to it, it's probably good enough. We aren't talking military secrets here, we are talking a car. The point isn't to make it unbreakable, because that's worthless, it's just ot make it harder to steal the car. You can't make a secure car. No matter what you do, someone can find a way to override it and steal your car. What this does is add a layer of security that makes it much harder for normal thieves.
Physical security isn't like virtual security. We get so used to haveing essenitally perfect (until someone finds a hole) virtual security, some expect the same thing in the real world. No, actually basically all real security has known flaws when it's setup. However the difficulty in bypassing the security is considered to be higher than the reqard in doing so, if the security is good.
Like for example I ahve a Medeco lock, and we use the same kind all over campus. Medeco locks aren't like normal locks, they have a biaxial pin system that makes them a real bitch to pick. Also means normal key copiers can't handle their keys. On top of that, Medeco patents and dilligently controls key distribution. You can't, in theory, go and get a copy of a Medeco key made without being the authorized owner of the lock.
Well it's easy to find a way around that. Ignoring other ways in my house, one could simply bribe/corerce my roomate out of a key. While you couldn't easily copy it, the key itself would still be perfectly usable for getting in.
Why then, would I pay a premium price for this lock, if I know it's not perfect? Because it's better than most. It does mean that my roomates can't copy the key and hand it out to girlfirends or the like, and it'll take a lot more physical abuse than a normal lock. It isn't perfect, but it's better.
That's what you have to deal with in the world of physical security. You just try to design a system that it good enough to thwart whoever might want to circumvent it, make it not wroht their while. I mean realise that even if this had an uncrackable code on the keys, you can wire around it, given time and skill. The engine is still just started by a simple electrical connection. It's not easy to access what you need to make it happen, but it's easier than you might think.
Basically, I'd rather have a weak crypto key that's feasable to make than nothing at all. Most people aren't going to pay for an expensive seperate crypto unit that is physically fairly large, which is what you'd need to do strong crypto at this point. So put weak crypto in the key, which is still better than most cars (a screwdriver is about all one needs to override the key on my car) and it helps.
AES-128 in a PIC (Score:3, Informative)
Since the PIC is a single-cycle execution unit, clocks correlate directly to real-time once you spec the operating frequency. At 40kHz clock (=10kHz instruction execution frequency) it'll take 527mS to encrypt one 12
Parent is not well informed. Mod down. (Score:3, Informative)
I work in the smart card industry. You can buy smart card chips that do 3DES and 2048 bit RSA for less than a dollar. You can buy a complete contactless card (what idiots here would call RFID) that has a Java operating system, does 3DES in less that 70 milliseconds and does RSA with on card key generation for about $6, and considerably less than that in volume. These chips have specialized hardware to speed and secure the crypto operations, b
Gee, I'm shocked. (Score:2)
Encryption scheme broken... whooda thought it.
But this may be the funniest thing I've ever read on Slashdot:
> They advise wrapping your keys in foil when you're not using them.
Re:Gee, I'm shocked. (Score:2)
not even the funniest tinfoil story on
http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/12/23
The More Appropriate Question... (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:The More Appropriate Question... (Score:2, Interesting)
Re:The More Appropriate Question... (Score:2)
Re:The More Appropriate Question... (Score:2)
Re:The More Appropriate Question... (Score:2)
Yes, I know the Camaro isn't being made anymore.
Re:The More Appropriate Question... (Score:2, Funny)
Otherwise, cool.
Re:The More Appropriate Question... (Score:5, Informative)
The chip is an rfid device which means when it gets close to the reader, the reader sees it. The reader encrypts a string of bits using a crypto key shared by the reader and car key and then broadcasts the encrypted bits. The car key sees the broadcast and decrypts the bits using the same crypto key. It then does something to the bits, i.e, add 5, divide by 8, whatever and then recrypts the result. The encrypted result is broadcast back to the reader which sees the encrypted result. It decrypts the result, and compares it against its version of the result. If they match, then the car starts.
At no time does the key get broadcast. The attacker just pretends to be the reader and sends several encrypted strings and looks at the results coming back and acts on that information. The attack succeeds because the attacker has access to huge processing power whereas the car key is relying on the power it can suck out of the rfid antenna. The disparity in available power drives what's feasible for the key to do in a short amount of time. If the key were substantially longer, the car key would take considerably longer to decrypt and encrypt which means you'd put your key in the ignition and nothing would happen while the car key was thinking. Not something most folks would tolerate. The attacker on the other hand, can take the encrypted bits coming out of the car key, and given enough samples, can just brute force the crypto key.
I'll bet the next level of security will entail the car supplying the car key with enough power so the embedded chip can crank a bigger crypto key.
Re:The More Appropriate Question... (Score:4, Interesting)
In all seriousness, there are many, many ways to get around PATS (Passive Anti Theft System)...the RIFD technology they're talking about. Probably one of the most common "professional" ways of stealing the car is just carrying around an extra PCM (Powertrain Control Module) which doesn't rely on a signal from a PATS module to start the car... just disconnect the old module and connect it to the new one, and away you go.
Think that doesn't work? Well the Europeans think so. They have installed an extra casing around the PCM to deterr just this kind of theft. People don't realise that they've already found ways around all the security measures they have with cars... it's just that joe crack head can't steal your car, but the guys who make a real living off this will.
Tinfoil hats (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Tinfoil hats (Score:2)
Re:Tinfoil hats (Score:2)
I hate to break your heart, but they haven't made 'real' TinFoil for almost 30 years. What you're using is aluminum foil.
Interesting point (Score:5, Informative)
All you'd have to do is put a towing company logo (or something made-up and likely-looking), and who'd say anything?
And take your time getting ready to leave, because the very worst that'll happen is that someone'll come back early and bribe you into leaving.
Re:Interesting point (Score:2)
Also very low tech.
The logic behind why your car is safe (Score:2)
1) Cars are large and easy to track.
2) There are smaller, less traceable things to steal.
Because of 1 and 2, anyone who steals cars is stupid.
Stupid people can't figure out how to create this circumvention, so your car is safe.
The only problem with this logic is that smart people are more than willing to sell things to stupid people to help them increase the depth of their stupidity.
Re:The logic behind why your car is safe (Score:2)
Re:The logic behind why your car is safe (Score:2, Informative)
Re:The logic behind why your car is safe (Score:2)
1) Cars are valuable
2) Cars are mostly homogenous
The reason cars are stolen is that they're not unique. They are probably one of the more valuable non-unique things that can be stolen easily.
Hmmm... (Score:4, Funny)
p
Re:Hmmm... (Score:2)
Re:Hmmm... (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Hmmm... (Score:2)
Well.... (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Well.... (Score:2)
The drive away protection system used by BMW was one of the earliest examples of these systems and it remains relatively unchanged. The system is part of the Digital Motor Electronics (DME) box that controlls engine function (made first by Bosch and now the BMW boxes are built by Siemmens). Every car is assigned 10 keys, three of those keys being issued with the new vehicle (two main keys and a "Valet" key).
Should an owner request/need a new key, the local dealership needs to send the car's
Re:Well.... (Score:5, Interesting)
If you don't loose your keys, you can save a bunch of money. Blanks are easy to find on the Internet. I have a Prius. Blanks were about $20 each. This is much cheaper than what the dealer wanted. On the Prius, the key isn't really programed. It's simply seral numbered. The car is then programmed to accept a particular key. You can do this yourself if you have the master keys. Almost any key shop will cut your supplied blank for very little. My spare keys cost me a buck each to have cut. Finding a blank key that you can custom program to an existing accepted serial number for my car would take some expensive hardware. Copying the serial number of the key into a new chip is only half the difficulty. Getting the alarm shut off so you can enter the car undetected to hack the physical ignition cylinder is the next challange.
All but the most high tech thief would find it difficult to sniff the key, copy it to a writable blank, and then using the blank to take the car. As a defense, I can always add a bunch of extra transponder keys that have been lost to my keyring. Reading a bunch of wrong codes could make it more difficult. Anytime when I now trade in a car, I'm keeping the spare keys just to keep them on my keyring to confuse sniffers.
Simple solution... (Score:3, Funny)
Thinkgeek (Score:2)
And cue Thinkgeek slashvertisement in 3...2...1...
Re:Thinkgeek (Score:4, Funny)
Is that the 40GB iPod, 20GB iPod, iPod Mini or iPod shuffle?
But... but... (Score:2)
Dang, that was quick... (Score:2)
I wonder if a 40 bit key is a power-related problem with the key (IE can't adequately transmit a longer key with the small amount of power available) or just a "40 bits is enough security for anyone" problem or "law enforcement says don't use anything they can't crack" problem...
Re:Dang, that was quick... (Score:2)
For real geeks (Score:2, Informative)
http://www.rfidanalysis.org/DSTbreak.pdf [rfidanalysis.org]
Really ISN'T a problem (Score:2, Interesting)
The theif must know who the owner of the car is.
The theif must get close to the owner to challenge the key and crack its code.
The theif must break into the car, and hotwire the car as he would to steal any other car (he still doesn't have the physical key).
Re:Really ISN'T a problem (Score:2)
2. See who valets their Mercedes
3. Stand next to them in line and crack the key code.
4. Hotwire said Mercedes.
5. Profit!
Theives will steal whatever is in demand. And not ALL of them are low tech idiots.
How about a modification on the scenario in Gone in 60 Seconds. There, they had to get a new set of keys from Stuttgart. Now...someone on the inside can decrypt keys on the fly, right in the dealership. Sell the codes to whomever.
hey cool (Score:4, Funny)
Wait, that sounds like a profitable idea.
Re:hey cool (Score:2)
Roast dinners will be a thing of the past.
(Humour-impaired mods - it's a lame joke)
the old method (Score:5, Funny)
more effective, but not as 1337.
There is no perfect system (Score:2)
Take karate and forgetaboutit.
Is there a venture capitalist listening???? (Score:2)
Tinfoil key rings!!!!!!!!! It'll be even bigger than the hats! Everyone knows people value their car more then their mind!
Come on, this can work...
Doesn't matter. (Score:2)
Re:Doesn't matter. (Score:2)
Give one of these devices to a car theif in Jersey City or Newark, NJ see what happens.
Hundred Dollar Car Keys? (Score:3, Interesting)
"The "immobilizer" technology used in the keys has been an enormous success. Texas Instruments alone has its chips in an estimated 150 million keys. Replacing the key on newer cars can cost hundreds of dollars, but the technology is credited with greatly reducing auto theft."
I think this is more of a scam to sell expensive keys than anything. I'll take my five dollar key and my chances.
30 Bit Crypo (Score:2)
They can already crack much larger keys so you expect them to find a 30 Bit Key quick simple.
Yeah I know that it could have a much better alogrithm (sp? sue me I'm tired) than some other keys (WEP anyone) and you need to send the right challenges and the right type of sequence to make a passive transmitter talk to you.
New Prius (Score:3, Informative)
Weak security is good security. (Score:2)
Same reason that PINs are better than fingerprints for ATMs.
In some places, this very well might be a problem (Score:5, Insightful)
Consider South Africa - an entire arms race grew up around car theft. First the thieves just took cars when they were parked, so the insurance companies insisted that everyone have alarms and immobilisers.
The thieves got around those pretty quick - rumour is that a lot of professional's signed up for work at installation centres, learnt their way around them, and went back to work.
Next step was the gearlock - a device that locks the gearstick into a specific gear. IIRC, you couldn't remove the key on the earlier units unless you had the gearlock in, and if your car was stolen, the insurance company insisted on seeing all 3 keys.
Now with cars being so hard to steal, the age of the hi-jack was ushered in. If they can't get your car while it's parked, they'll take it while it's roll rolling.
In response, anti hi-jack systems became the norm. I can't remember how it was activated, but basically the bad guys show up, you let them take the car, they roll 20 metres down the road and the car cuts out and an alarm starts going off.
Around the same time we also go Satellite tracking, although I seem to remember something about it actually using the cellular infrastructure (GSM) not satellite - I may be wrong on this. Initially, the recovery rate on stolen and hi-jacked cars went through the roof. Unfortunately, the bad guys just upped the stakes. Soon we started seeing more kidnappings and murders as part of hi-jacks because if you can't call the stolen car in, they have longer to chop it.
Many vehicles were stolen to order, and not just new cars. Older cars that were common on the road were often targetted, then broken for spares. Cars that you wouldn't normally think twice about were stolen for export to Botswana and Zimbabwe, because the availability of spares for these made them popular vehicles.
Of my close circle of family and friends, we have had at least 10 cars stolen. Of those, not a single one has been recovered, so it's not a huge risk occupation really
I'm willing to bet that if this flaw is used anywhere, it will be used in South Africa - it's just one more tool for the biggest growth industry around
Grand Theft Auto 5 (Score:3, Funny)
On the plus side, TI can file John Doe lawsuits against the thieves (for DMCA violations, of course) if your car is stolen.
Re:Grand Theft Auto 5 (Score:3, Funny)
Nevermind the cars (Score:3, Insightful)
However, it is much more of a problem in other RFID applications, where the RFID chip is the only key, e.g., highway toll tags (Ezpass), credit card replacements (Exxon/Mobil Speedpass). Sure they say they have backup security in place, such as Speedpass' 'only two fill-ups per day'. But this can still allow for a lot of fraud.
Worse yet, as was the case with identity theft, the the first victims will find it VERY HARD to clear their records and accounts; they will be presumed to be lying until it is common knowledge that the RFID is not secure.
Re:Proof of concept today, Theft tool tomorrow? (Score:3, Insightful)
While in the short term White Hat hacking may be detrimental to security, in the long run it is a driving force behind innovation.
Re:Proof of concept today, Theft tool tomorrow? (Score:2, Insightful)
Are you asking for *unbeatable* security? Because as far as I know, there is no such thing unless it uses quantum cryptography.
According to the article, not only does a person need to have specialized equipment, specialized knowledge, but they also n
Re:Proof of concept today, Theft tool tomorrow? (Score:2)
Re:Proof of concept today, Theft tool tomorrow? (Score:2, Insightful)
The original poster heavily intimated that the company should deliver unbeatable security... an idea that is at best naive, and at worst demonstrates complete unfamiliarity with the whole concept of security and encryption.
Re:bio key (Score:2)
Re:bio key (Score:2)
Re:RFID cards as bad as cell phones w/ EM waves (Score:2)
Someone using a cell phone in your immediate vacinity is much worse.
Re:RFID cards as bad as cell phones w/ EM waves (Score:2)
Power measurements have been taken. Cell phones send a signal. A key has no battery. It does not transmit any more power than it can capture from it's environment.
Re:beside the point? (Score:2)
>That seems to keep the thieves away.
This was my theory too - I drive a 17 year old 4Runner that's been used for what it was designed for for much of this time.
Last week someone broke in and stole my workout clothes and the stereo ( note to self - do not leave sweatsuit in a bag that says 'targus' on it )
Re:not more theft but cheaper generic keys (Score:2)
It's called Valet Parking. Theifs have been known to to copy keys while a temp hire for valet parking. Now some of the more desirable cars are no longer safe to let the valet park.
Re:Start chewing! (Score:4, Funny)
MacGyver did.
Re:meh (Score:2)
> are some kids who want a joy ride.
i'd say that 2+2=5, but that wouldn't prove anything, would it? It would just be me making up figures to support my position.