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Software Security United States

How The CIA Duped The Soviets' Line X Network 339

sundling writes "There are interesting articles here(1) and here(2) on software espionage against the Soviets. In the Ronald Reagan era, a Soviet spy network (Line X Network) was looking to steal software to run oil pipelines. The CIA found out what they were trying to steal and fed them bogus versions. This is of course not the only time the CIA has done this. ... An article on the ethics of programming mentions this very topic and the moral implications." Update: 03/02 09:22 GMT by T : Oops -- this is a dupe.
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How The CIA Duped The Soviets' Line X Network

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  • by ediron2 ( 246908 ) * on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:00AM (#8438532) Journal
    Dupe dupe dupe dupe dupe!

    http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/02/02/1153 24 3&mode=nested

    Even sent two messages to the 'on duty editor'. Not that it matters, apparently. Considering this is like story 7 in a row or so for him, spanning the last several hours, I suspect it's bedtime for someone...

    Not to sound like a broken record (even if slashdot regularly does), but it isn't news a month later, guys....
  • by andy55 ( 743992 ) * on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:01AM (#8438535) Homepage
    I'm in the US submarine force and I'll just suggest that the US is pretty good at getting a job done when (1) they want it done and when (2) the doors are closed to the public.

    Separately, learn some of the facts [amazon.com] surrounding JFK's assassination (and the likes who go to no end to increase their power) and you'll get a feel for what goes on behind closed doors. It's very depressing.
    • by Anonymous Coward
      I'm in the US submarine force and I'll just suggest that the US is pretty good at getting a job done when (1) they want it done and when (2) the doors are closed to the public.

      You forgot (3) Having plenty of guys like you to do the dirty work. Good on ya!
      • Heh, cute, but submariners aren't kept in the know--we just run the boats and do the missions (by and large, those missions help this nation). Intel continues, of course, to be very compartmentalized and only seen by *the* top intel brass. Moreover, I'm getting out as soon as my commitment is over.
  • Woops! (Score:4, Funny)

    by mr_tommy ( 619972 ) <tgrahamNO@SPAMgmail.com> on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:01AM (#8438536) Journal
    Indeed! How slashdot duped its readers into thinking this one hadn't already been showed!!!!!!!!!
  • by GrodinTierce ( 571882 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:06AM (#8438555) Journal
    How The CIA Duped [slashdot.org] The Soviets' Line X Network
  • Original Article (Score:5, Informative)

    by Ray Radlein ( 711289 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:06AM (#8438557) Homepage
    If anyone wants a link to the original New York Times (#include "free_reg") article by William Safire about this incident, here it is [nytimes.com]. Now you don't have to hunt down the dupe to read it.
  • If you look at this link [wikipedia.org], you'll find that, "In its espionage role, the KGB was mostly reliant on human intelligence, unlike their western counterparts, who relied far more on imagery intelligence (IMINT) and signals intelligence."

    Bottom line is, the CIA has always had the edge in technology, but the KGB still had an advantage in human intelligence. They had far better human recruitment than the CIA ever did. (And for those who really follow this stuff, you probably already know that human intelligence is one thing that is very sorely lacking in our war on terror today.)
    • by Lord Kano ( 13027 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:13AM (#8438584) Homepage Journal
      Bottom line is, the CIA has always had the edge in technology, but the KGB still had an advantage in human intelligence. They had far better human recruitment than the CIA ever did. (And for those who really follow this stuff, you probably already know that human intelligence is one thing that is very sorely lacking in our war on terror today.)

      The US's greatest strength is also its greatest weakness as it relates to the human side of intelligence. It's our diverse society.

      We don't have Arab Americans knocking down the CIA's door to go to work for them. And white people just don't blend in everywhere. During the Cold War black intelligence agents sometimes felt that their career growth was stunted because the best assignments were in the USSR and black people just didn't fit in there.

      We need to go to war against Canada or England so we can make better use of our human capital.

      LK
      • by Anonymous Coward
        "We need to go to war against Canada or England so we can make better use of our human capital."

        Modded insightful 4 when I read it and it speaks volumes of America.

        Maybe there is a reason Arab americans aren't knocking on the door to join US intelligence services.
      • We don't have Arab Americans knocking down the CIA's door to go to work for them. And white people just don't blend in everywhere.

        How about the old joke about US espionage in Soviet Union?

        "A CIA agent had been trained for years to infiltrate the KGB. He had learned fluent Russian, knew everything there was to know about living and working in Russia etc. Then they smuggled him across the border.

        He arrived at a small town on the countryside and asked the first person he could find for directions. The m

      • by mdemeny ( 35326 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @07:34AM (#8439212) Homepage
        We need to go to war against Canada or England so we can make better use of our human capital.

        Uh huh. Even there you'll have some difficulties, because you won't be able to talk about the loss of the Jets, Nordiques and Stubbies. Or discuss the greatness of Gretzky, Lafleur, Rick Mercer, Peter Gzowski (may he rest in peace), the NFB, and the Tragically Hip.

        All most Americans know about Canada is Shania Twain and Celine Dion. And we have snow. And live in Igloos. :-)

        And even after two years living in England, I only know a fraction of British culture. I can talk about Blackadder and The Office, but know almost nothing about the Ealing comedies or Tommy Cooper for example. And my accent is a dead giveaway; even if I did pick up a proper UK accent, there's class and regionalization to factor in as well. After all, how much success did the Abwehr have against the UK in the war?

        My point is that a proper human intelligence organization takes a very long time to build up, unless people jump to your side for ideological reasons, you'll have years of ingrained history to deal with.
        • All most Americans know about Canada is Shania Twain and Celine Dion. And we have snow. And live in Igloos. :-)

          That's not true. Ren and Stimpy taught me that Canada reeks of trees and that their number one export is dirt, so there! :P

          jason
        • but know almost nothing about the Ealing comedies or Tommy Cooper for example.


          If you know about Tommy Cooper then you'll fit in, just like that. No, not like that, like that.

        • Well lick my John Thomas. Who would have thought to keep up on foreign culture as an advantage in spying. Not me, I'm full from this wafer thin mint.
      • Human intelligence, or HUMINT is mostly done by recruiting and operating local agents who are already of the target culture, not by infilitrating that culture (very hard to do) except in Hollywood movies or very very rare cases (sleeper agents etc.)
      • was Re:The CIA always had the edge in technology [slashdot.org]

        And white people just don't blend in everywhere. During the Cold War black intelligence agents sometimes felt that their career growth was stunted because the best assignments were in the USSR and black people just didn't fit in there. We need to go to war against Canada or England so we can make better use of our human capital.

        Only 2% of Canada's population [statcan.ca] and 4% of Britain's population [statistics.gov.uk] are black, compared to 13% of the U.S. population.

      • During the Cold War black intelligence agents sometimes felt that their career growth was stunted because the best assignments were in the USSR and black people just didn't fit in there.

        I always thought it was hilarious in the original Mission Impossible TV series when they were all in disguise in some mythical Pottsylvanian "Eastern Bloc" country that Barnie, their engineer, a very dark skinned negro, could blithely walk around the streets with no one blinking an eye.

    • Apparently not that bad, how do you think we found out they were stealing and what they were stealing? a russian came to our side for 'political' reasons and gave us _everything_. the amount of information and detail was shocking.
    • by Jeremi ( 14640 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @11:39AM (#8441396) Homepage
      (And for those who really follow this stuff, you probably already know that human intelligence is one thing that is very sorely lacking in our war on terror today.)


      For the record, deliberately inserting bugs into a software program to cause the destruction of a natural gas facility and billions in economic damage would almost certainly be called terrorism today. Except, of course, it's by definition not terrorism if the US government does it.

  • Or what else is Windows supposed to be ;)?
  • the Soviets *should* have embraced open source.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:12AM (#8438579)
    Line X...

    Linux...

    hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
    • And in tomorrows news, SCO announce a lawsuit against the Russians
    • Hmm.. wasn't Microsoft also around during Reagan's presidency?

      Wasn't there also a blackout on the entire Eastern US due in-part to improper response by the control software to the outages that initially started at First Energy?

      Isn't it also possible all these email worms, viruses, and trojans might be some form of espionage by workers planted at Microsoft?
  • by vargul ( 689529 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:14AM (#8438589) Journal
    programming is not telling a computer how to do something, but telling a person how they would instruct a computer to do something. -- J. Bartlett

    if one accepts this definition he/she should definitly think that programming is highly ethical activity.
  • Really? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by broothal ( 186066 ) <christian@fabel.dk> on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:18AM (#8438598) Homepage Journal
    From the article:

    including software that later triggered a huge explosion in a Siberian natural-gas pipeline

    I find this very hard to believe. *If* you actually made a system so fragile, that explosions could be triggered by software, would you install software you stole from the enemy on that system?

    Besides, if it was indeed possible to trigger an explosion, it had to be very proprietary code. Didn't the russians wonder why code they stole from the enemy would run on their own computers?

    I'm just wondering, not trying to say that this might not be exactly what happened.
    • Block-in a compressor. I bet the russians had poor use of pressure safety valves.
  • by mikeophile ( 647318 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:19AM (#8438600)
    When you don't read the EULA.

    23c. In no way do the authors of this software take responsibility or blame for any pipeline explosions that may or may not occur through the normal use of this software.

  • So.... (Score:2, Flamebait)

    by kaffiene ( 38781 )
    The US had not declared war against the USSR, yet commited acts of sabotage and assassination against Russian targets. Doesn't that make the CIA and the US regiem terrorists?

    • Re:So.... (Score:4, Insightful)

      by bhima ( 46039 ) <Bhima,Pandava&gmail,com> on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:41AM (#8438685) Journal
      Yes, am I supposed to act surprised?
    • "Declared war". How quaint.
    • Re:So.... (Score:3, Insightful)

      by dave420 ( 699308 )
      Technically yes, but as they control the definition of the words "terrorist regime", then it's a resounding no.

      strange, huh?

    • No No No (Score:3, Insightful)

      by Greyfox ( 87712 )
      Don't you ever listen to Shrub? It's only a terrorist act when someone else does it. The government's allowed to do anything it wants to protect the security of the American people, and little things like the constitution and international law should not be allowed to get in the way.

      Why else would the Supreme Court allow him to kidnap and hold foreign nationals indefinitely in Cuba in direct violation of both the spirit and the letter of our constituion, on the grounds that it doesn't apply to people unle

      • America != The World. "Security of the American people" is unacceptable if it causes distress and violation of international laws. Not that this stops them of course. Views like this are the kind of quasi-elitist views that get countries into wars, not out of them...
    • Oh, dear lord... (Score:5, Insightful)

      by IntelliTubbie ( 29947 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @06:40AM (#8439033)
      The US had not declared war against the USSR, yet commited acts of sabotage and assassination against Russian targets. Doesn't that make the CIA and the US regiem terrorists?

      Way to "think outside the box" and see the Cold War for what it really was: unilateral aggression by the USA and CIA against the poor, defenseless USSR and KGB! Seriously, it's one thing when you're talking about the USA bullying some third world country, but comparing that to the Cold War is apples and oranges (and a cheap attempt to score some anti-American karma points). And if you want to know which of these two formerly-equally-matched superpowers was the real terrorist regime, put it this way: there wasn't exactly a flood of Americans expatriating to Moscow to flee CIA gulags.

      Cheers,
      IT
      • So it's only "terrorism" if it's done by "evil" people?

        Last time I checked, 'terrorism' meant wanton violence and destruction desinged to spread terror and confusion to maximum effect. Nothing to do with who commits the acts or whom the acts are committed against. That includes assasinations and sabotoge.

        The US and the CIA did (and are probably doing) things that if they were commited against them, would be labelled 'terrorism' in a New York minute. Just because the USSR were evil or terrorist themselves
    • "Doesn't that make the CIA and the US regiem terrorists?"

      Aren't gov't sponsored terrorists typically called spies? Forgive my naieveness, I just watched True Lies.

      My comment is in no way meant to glamourize what spies are, but rather to point out that labelling them terrorists is sort of like labelling script kiddies as hackers.

    • So you're saying if I have a box of chocolates that I've filled with poison in a locked safe in a hidden room in my closet, and you break into my house, crack the safe and eat the chocolates, I should be charged with your murder?
    • I missed that. The article claims that there was no loss of life. I don't think we ever successfully assasinated anyone outside of the western hemisphere. Plus what everyone else said about the evil empire. I don't even want to know what the soviets would have done to the internetif they had coexisted. Would have made chna's blocking of Google seem quaint.
    • Re:So.... (Score:5, Insightful)

      by overunderunderdone ( 521462 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @10:36AM (#8440649)
      Actually the US committed no acts of any kind against the USSR in this particular case. They made some intentionally buggy software which was STOLEN by SPIES. A Soviet act of aggression was used in a passive way to entrap them. It was sneaky and nasty but I don't think it could be considered an act of war by any interpretation of international law.

      I must have missed the part of the story that mentioned an assassination.

      Also, while the term "terrorism" is fairly loose it does have SOME meaning. Terrorism is the use of violence to create fear in a population in order to intimidate or coerce a society or government. In this case the violence was rather passive (we passively let the soviets steal malware) The "sabotage" was not intended to cause fear in the general population or even among the leadership aside from a fear that stolen technology may be booby-trapped.
  • Why is it ... (Score:4, Insightful)

    by torpor ( 458 ) <ibisumNO@SPAMgmail.com> on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:25AM (#8438622) Homepage Journal
    ... that to protect us from gangs and thugs and criminals, we have to employ gangs and thugs and criminals.

    And don't just say "because, thats the way it is".

    Whenever I hear about tactics like this from the very government that is supposed to represent 'higher values', I'm reminded that government is The Perfect Con.
    • Well, who knows the underhanded tactics of a criminal better than a criminal? It's a sad truth that despite the Defcon condition or the "state of peace" we "enjoy", we are always at war. Obviously there are forces that wish this nation destroyed, and there are forces from within this nation that like playing their little espionage games. Until you eliminate that, all sorts of interesting stories will be made, and not heard of until 20-50 years later.
  • by torpor ( 458 ) <ibisumNO@SPAMgmail.com> on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:28AM (#8438634) Homepage Journal
    If this doesn't prove the case for open source software, I don't know what will.

    Those Russkies should've broken out their debuggers on these binaries before putting them into operation ... at the very least.
  • do that on kazaa all the time :(
  • fact or fiction? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Serious Simon ( 701084 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:48AM (#8438716)
    CIA found out what they were trying to steal and fed them bogus versions.

    I have the feeling that someone is trying to feed us a bogus story. I doubt there is a way to determine if any of this has actually happened.

  • corroboration (Score:5, Informative)

    by JeremyALogan ( 622913 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @04:53AM (#8438738) Homepage
    there's a bit of information on the CIA's website [cia.gov] about it too. no explosion info though

  • by IgnoramusMaximus ( 692000 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @05:01AM (#8438763)
    As many people pointed out in the previous incarnation of this duped story, the whole thing is a total hogwash and "feel-good", "ain't we just the cat's ass" type of drivel for the gung-ho right wing "hawks" in the US public. No factual basis, 100% hot air and a lot of flag waving. The actual explosion (June 1989 near Bashkir) was caused by an operator error and had massive (400+) casaulties since the flame engulfed two trains near the pipeline.

    And I really wouldnt like to be in the shoes of the morons who manage to convince people that they planted that software. If by some weird coincidence that thing was within 10 miles of any of the control rooms of that pipeline which exploded. I can just imagine 400 beraved families suing the Uncle Sam under the Patriot act for ... ahem... terrorist acts.

    Oh and to make things more interesting, as this [medbc.com] medical journal indicates, the US actually sent doctors to treat the poor burned children...

    • You're the one full of it. As the NYT article states "Farewell stayed secret because the blast in June 1982, estimated at three kilotons, took place in the Siberian wilderness, with no casualties known."

      1982 != 1989

      • Not at all. The article has a phony date in order to make the thing look plausible or to deny the casaulty link, the 1989 disaster was the only one with 3kt size visible from space. See the international disaster database here [www.cred.be]
      • by IgnoramusMaximus ( 692000 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @05:54AM (#8438919)
        Oh and I forgot, the depth of this "intellectual" vomit from that idiot Safire at NYT can be also ascertained by the fact that back in 1982 Soviets were very fond of pneumatic (air-driven) control systems for their industrial base. Computer control of industrial processes was very rare at that time even in the US. Besides anyone who ever worked in the industry knows that at that scale all the systems are custom made for the plant, with all the control "loops" designed for the specific task.

        Also as some former Soviet officials mentioned when questioned about this nonsense back when the original story broke, said that if that story were true, as Safire indicated the software easilly traced back to its source (USA), in 1982 political climate the Soviet leadership would respond to something like that as an act of war and would at the very least destroy US operated oil plants within easy reach of Soviet bombers or even let loose ICBMs if things went out of control.

        • by anarxia ( 651289 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @07:50AM (#8439277)

          Not to mention that they had the skills to build that complex system yet they were incapable of writing the software for the controller???

          Yeap, it makes sense because Soviet programmers are incompetent and American programmers are the shiat.

          This smells propaganda and nationalism to me, but unfortunately some people will buy it.

          • You display your complete ignorance of the USSR.

            The Soviets had some of the most brilliant mathematicians and engineers in the world. There is absolutely no question about that.

            But Soviets were living in 1944... "heavy" industry was the mantra of the Soviets. While the US spent billions on developing computer technology, the Soviets built tractor plants and tanks.
        • I worked on some of the system that was used for the TransSIb pipeline and it would have been what was live in 1982. There were *no* single chip computers used. The highest tech was a card based on an MC6800 (yep, not the 68000) which would do the electrical interfacing with sensors and activators. I tried giving Safire real information, but you might as well send him Spam - it was ignored.

          There was a computer control system but all it did was really a glorified remote. You could setup some equations like

    • If by some weird coincidence that thing was within 10 miles of any of the control rooms of that pipeline which exploded. I can just imagi

      Look up "ex post facto". And not to nitpick, but the PATRIOT act does not provide for civil liability, I believe.
    • Thats all real nice of you to kick around bullshit but the explosion being talked about occured in the Summer of 1982.
  • by Luguber123 ( 203502 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @05:02AM (#8438765) Homepage
    I thought that was how all software developers treat their customers.

  • Governments need to decide whether they want to be trusted. If they want trust, then they should avoid any hint of sneakiness.

    The U.S. government secretly overthrew a democratically elected president of Iran, President Mossadegh. That started a chain of events [futurepower.net] that eventually continued with retaliation: The destruction of the World Trade Center.

    Osama bin Laden cannot be effective in being violent if he does not have support. He is far less likely to have support for his violent schemes if people ge
    • TITLE: Trust solves many problems
      yea, because as history has shown us, humans are by default an extremely trusting species, they would never do under-handed, sneaky, or other-wise shady actions unto each other, expecialy not their friends.... no... this "un" trustfullness is the work of... the russians!!

      Governments need to decide whether they want to be trusted. If they want trust, then they should avoid any hint of sneakiness.
      Trust cannot be ascertained by "not" being sneaky. Trust is for the most p

  • Line X? (Score:2, Funny)

    by Ambush ( 120586 )
    ok, so the CIA fed them Linux? Oh wait...sorry...

    ;-)

  • by Channard ( 693317 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @05:40AM (#8438885) Journal
    .. the Russians never managed to sneak some spy laden software into the US, and UK, software so pervasive it'd work its way into every home in the world. Hey.. why's my copy of Tetris trying to send something past my firewall?
  • Line X ? (Score:3, Funny)

    by Black Parrot ( 19622 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @07:09AM (#8439111)


    Communists using Line X ? Darl should be able to get a lot of mileage out of this one!

  • That Tyson Gill's article on ethics and responsibility in programming is extracted from a book he wrote on VB?

    Also at the end of the article:
    Tyson Gill is the director of information technology at Alitum, Inc., in San Diego, California. He also teaches Visual Basic and Microsoft.Net programming at the University of California, San Diego. He is well known for his influential presentations on design, architecture, planning, and coding. Tyson is the author of Visual Basic 6: Error Coding and Layering

    They

  • by Epistax ( 544591 ) <epistax AT gmail DOT com> on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @07:25AM (#8439181) Journal
    Some company called Microsoft was trying to steal a government operating system, so the CIA fed them a bogus version....
  • by basingwerk ( 521105 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @07:38AM (#8439231)
    I suspect that this whole story is an urban myth that may have a grain of truth. I worked through the mid 70's and 80's on Process Control and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems that are used to control nuclear, chemical, space and pipeline systems. This was the period when systems moved from largely pneumatic telemetered systems to electronic and computerised control. The old technology had run large industrial systems since the war, and was by and large highly reliable. The new technology was considered cheap and inferior and was not (and is still not) trusted. Such systems were created fail safe, such that computer crashes caused shut downs, not explosions. This was very ingrained into the designers of such systems. Failures such as Chernobyl and Flixborough [hse.gov.uk] added to the designers' caution, even though control was sometimes not a contributory factor. Most software systems in this category required very significant source code modifications to make them fit for purpose. It was rare to ship a system without giving the purchaser inspection access to the code so that they could assess the quality for themselves. The designers of this soviet pipeline would have had double cause for concern, and would most certainly have been suspicious of the provenance of the system. In such a case, it is highly likely that they would have built in extra hardware constraints into the system to prevent failure due to malicious software, especially if they could not read and validate the source.
  • Ethics (Score:3, Insightful)

    by nuggz ( 69912 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @08:00AM (#8439316) Homepage
    Ethics are a professional issue.
    Engineers, Doctors, Priests, Teachers and Lawyers all have ethical standards.

    Software developers and contractors should also, at least they could have some liability.

    As to where to draw the line, ethically that is a question for philosophers, legally it belongs to lawmakers and the courts.

    My view is that feeding bad code is just an attack, and of a similar ethical stance to a bomb or similar acts. Making the bad code would be the same as making the bomb. Making shoddy code would be the same as a shoddy bookshelf.
  • by jacoby ( 3149 ) on Tuesday March 02, 2004 @08:36AM (#8439545) Homepage Journal
    In the second segment of Hafner and Markoff's Cyberpunk, they write about the crackers that Cliff Stoll found, and reveal that they went to the Soviets, saying they could hack into several government and military sites. The Soviets said what they'd rather have is Unix source code. So, while the rest of the crew had fun getting into NORAD looking for the WOPR, the one with a job as a sysadmin cut a couple extra tapes in the backup schedule and carried them through Brandenberg Gate.

    Gee, I guess GNU really is communist. B)
  • Other sources have said that this was the biggest non-nuclear explosion ever. I thought Slashdotters might be interested to know that, as stated in the article, it was the biggest seen from space. When the biggest ever happened, during WW2, at Hanbury in the UK http://www.streetmap.co.uk/newmap.srf?x=418255&y= 3 27780&z=4&sv=418500,327500&st=4&ar=Y&mapp=newmap.s rf&searchp=newsearch.srf&dn=815. The crater is still very impressive. Follow the arrow on the link! Of course the
  • ...at least this one has an accurate (and hype free) headline and summary. The original was all 'exploding chips' and shit.

  • Think about it: this is a situation where people were actively encouraged to write buggy code! Finally, a way to harness the unique talents of the average Slashdotter.

  • It figured that Slashdot of all places would know, it's not pronounced "Line X," it's pronounced "Lynn-Ux"! =P

  • There are historical precedents for this sort of thing. According to one of my old high school teachers, when the Japanese were building up their war fleet in the years before WWII, they approached an American shipbuilding company about buying plans for old military ships. Smelling trouble, the company alerted the US government ahead of time and the plans were carefully changed. When the first ship was launched it immediately rolled over due to a deliberate weight imbalance in the bogus plans.

    I've never been able to verify this story.

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