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The Internet Security

Virtual Earth Exposes Nuclear Sub's Secret 355

NewsCloud alerts us to a story a few months old that has been getting a lot of play recently. A Seattle blogger, Dan Twohig, was browsing in Microsoft's Virtual Earth when he accidentally came across a photo of a nuclear sub in dry-dock. Its propeller is clearly visible — this was a major no-no on the part of someone at the Bangor Sub Base. The designs of such stealth propellers have been secret for decades. Twohig blogged about the find and linked to the Virtual Earth photo on July 2. The debate about security vs. Net-accessible aerial photography has been building ever since. The story was picked up on military.china.com on Aug. 17 — poetic justice for the Chinese sub photo that had embarrassed them a month before. On Aug. 20 the Navy Times published the article that most mainstream media have picked up in their more recent coverage. Twohig's blog is the best source to follow the ongoing debate. No one has asked Microsoft, Google, or anyone else to blur the photo in question. Kind of late now.
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Virtual Earth Exposes Nuclear Sub's Secret

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  • by enrevanche ( 953125 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @05:52PM (#20445605)
    A submarine does not need a carrier battle group. The point of a sub, is a stealthy platform for launching missiles or for sneaking up on other vessels undetected. A group of effective submarines could make a carrier battle group ineffective. In a war against a major enemy, carriers will probably be useless unless their air, submarine and missile forces can be neutralized. They primarily for show and wars of aggression against far weaker enemies.
  • by GISGEOLOGYGEEK ( 708023 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @05:53PM (#20445613)
    The US is not just concerned about others trying to copy the propeller to reduce the noice made by their subs.

    The submarine will still make some noise. They would be concerned because knowing the propeller design gives you an idea of what type of noise it will make in use ... the sonar signature.

    The signature can be used to identify classes of submarines and potentially individual subs.

    So rather than other countries copying it ... the problem is that other countries may now have a good idea what that particular sub will sound like, and may know when the US is illegally sneaking in and out of other countries waters etc with this sub, or if this sub is positioned just outside their waters with all it's nuclear WMD's ready to go.

    On the other hand, maybe the US doesnt care at all ... maybe this was an old propeller design being replaced and retired.
  • Face it.... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by 8127972 ( 73495 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @05:53PM (#20445621)
    ... In the age of Google Earth, Virtual Earth, etc. (not to mention Google), there are no secrets. Welcome to the new world.
  • by spyfrog ( 552673 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @05:54PM (#20445629) Homepage
    If you look thing up, you would know that HMS Gotland has so called Stirling motors and thus can remain submerged for about one month without going up to snorkling deapth.

    She can also run as fast as most nuclear boats for this time, so having a silent propeller is a major factor. And, I can tell you that it looks exactly like that one in the picture after having seen other Swedish sub propellers.
  • Re:From TFA: (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Osty ( 16825 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @05:56PM (#20445651)

    Firefox shows just fine! just so to let you people of /. know:)

    Windows Live Maps has a bad habit of checking user agent strings in order to support non-IE browsers. While most people won't have a problem with Firefox, there have been cases of people using Firefox browsers with the old 2.0 beta codename "Bon Echo" as the user agent string, and it's possibile that non-Firefox Firefox browsers like Iceweasel [wikipedia.org] (Firefox without the Mozilla copyright bits) may have a non-Firefox user agent. In those cases, you'll get redirected to a barely-functional page instead of the proper map view. A good way to play around with this is to use Opera's ability to easily change the browser's UA (to mimic Firefox or IE). With Opera's normal UA (or a broken Firefox UA), you'll see this [daishar.com]. If you change Opera to masquerade as Firefox, you'll see this [daishar.com] instead.

    The correct solution is to stop using UA strings for browser detection, but have fun trying to convince Microsoft to do that.

  • Re:Slashdot (Score:5, Interesting)

    by jmauro ( 32523 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @06:06PM (#20445741)
    Or it's a fake plant to hide the real propeller design.
  • by BCW2 ( 168187 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @06:40PM (#20446019) Journal
    Think again! 99.9% of the Navies of the world don't have sonar good enough to even get a sniff of one of our boats. The best the Soviets ever had was 2 generations behind! There is supposed to be a canopy over the the screw before the dock is pumped out. If you ever go to Groton for a launch you might notice that the boats are launched without a screw, it is installed later alongside the pier. Of course there are 2 different screws for each class of boats. A speed screw is used on the first few to generate top performance numbers then removed. A silent screw goes on all operational boats. The difference? Shape, pitch, and number of blades.
    I rode a Fast Attack in the Cold War, so I might know more than someone who hasn't been there.
  • movies (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Loconut1389 ( 455297 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @06:43PM (#20446039)
    I swear to ghu that I saw a propeller like that in some sub movie- though it fails to render a name in my mind. I remember seeing a prop just like that on a cg shot of the sub driving away/up - perhaps in a torpedo sequence?

    Anyway, I could be wrong, but I think I've seen one before.
  • by ScrewMaster ( 602015 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @06:52PM (#20446103)
    It was a machine tool made by a subsidiary of Toshiba (Toshiba Machine Co.) and a Norwegian numerical controller that were sold to Russia. This [japanlaw.info] page has a good writeup. The sale was made in direct contravention to Japanese export controls with full knowledge of the people running the company. If the numbers are to be believed, Toshiba Machine's 17 million dollar sale cost the U.S. thirty billion in lost military superiority. This technology is important, actually.
  • "In a war against a major enemy, carriers will probably be useless..."

    And where did that factoid come from? One would imagine that a ship with the capability to strike at extremely long distances is always useful, if you can hit your enemy before their weapons can reach you you have an advantage. As for carriers being vulnerable to subs that's only partially true. Certain types of submarines, especially advanced nuclear subs (and diesel ones, so long as they don't surface anywhere near the carrier group and have enough battery power to get in and out) could conceivably slip through the defenses around a carrier and then it's aircraft would be useless. Given that the last major (that I know of) engagement between large groups of submarines and carriers was WWII, and that was clearly decided in favor of the carrier groups (53 u-boats sunk to less than 10 of the CVE mini-carriers) I'd say a generalization like 'Subs counter carriers' is kinda...wrong. A carrier battle group at war would typically have at least 1 radar plane (Orion?) on CAP. If the sub surfaces nearby radar has a chance of picking it up. In addition the carrier's escorts have darn good sonar and wouldn't be too hesitant to use it.

    So basically, 1 lone carrier vs sub is an easy win for the sub, unless the carrier sees it coming from a long way off and launches anti-sub efforts. 1 carrier battlegroup is at least a match for any similar number of warships, including subs, and very good at other tasks such as beach assault, long range support etc. A carrier battle group is currently the most versatile type of navy imaginable, as such it may not be the best way to counter all threats (a pair of destroyers working in tandem with some anti-sub helicopters would be cheaper and pretty effective against small numbers of subs). It's a Jack of All Trades, master of none type of thing, a Carrier group is good at anti-surface ship, anti-sub, and anti-land combat.

    Sneaking up on a ship which is fully prepared for war is a lot harder than some things would lead you to believe. Just because you're underwater and pretty quiet doesn't mean your undetectable, and if you're too quiet you can be detected that way (one possibly problem with modern US subs is that they're actually quieter than the surrounding ocean and could *conceivably* be detected that way). No amount of noise-reduction is going to save you if even 1 enemy ship is using active-sonar, you're going to be detected unless it's a cloak-and-dagger fight which is something aircraft carriers rarely engage in, they're more 'Hey look, I'm right here, I don't need to hide because I'm that much better than you' style fighting, and in that arena (when radars are at full and sonars are active) subs lose all stealth benefits, and an unstealthed sub vs a carrier group is just asking for trouble.

    So to sum it up, no, a carrier battle group is not useless. Subs are easily countered (unless you're trying to be stealthy as well) and missile blocking is what Aegis (common in CBG's) class destroyers were partially built for. Aircraft carriers are built for show, and are good against weaker enemies, but also against equals, it's against stronger enemies (few and far between at this moment) that they begin to look impossibly weak and fragile.
  • Misdirection? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by TallGuyRacer ( 920071 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @07:49PM (#20446587) Homepage
    Perhaps the U.S. Navy put a fake propeller on the sub.

    U.S. Navy: "Hey you guys do the aerial photos for Google and Mircosoft, right?"
    Acme Aerial Photos: "Yip."
    U.S. Navy: "When are you guys next flying over our base?"
    Acme Aerial Photos: "Next Tuesday. Weather permitting."
    U.S. Navy: "Thank you. You have been very helpful. <evil laugh>"
  • Re:Behind the times (Score:2, Interesting)

    by pikespeakhiker ( 963224 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @10:32PM (#20447631)
    From another former submariner who was stationed at Bangor, I agree completely with your response.
  • Re:Google Cache (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Hal_Porter ( 817932 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @10:34PM (#20447643)
    Clearly, the citizenry's desire to be on equal terms with its rightfully appointed overseers is misguided.

    Actually if you believe in this, and I do, then you should work to make sure that democracies like the US preserve their technological edge over non democracies like China.

    If I'd found the picture I'd have tipped off the US Navy. But then I guess you've never been to Taiwan and China and noticed that Taiwan is quite obviously a more free country. And Taiwan is still free mostly because the US has a technical edge over China, and the Chinese are deterred from invading which they threaten to do every couple of years.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday September 02, 2007 @10:55PM (#20447769)

    My guess is that a quiet high-thrust propeller would spin slowly and have many, very wide and heavily-curved blades. Let's see if somebody who knows more agrees.
    This is basically the case and you can prove it by looking at any modern airliner. A modern high-bypass turbofan jet engine is really just a turbine-driven ducted propellor, and the propellor geometry is much like what you describe, with a whole ton of blades spinning at a reasonable speed.

    Next time you get on a 777, just think, you are riding on one of the most advanced propellor aircraft in the world.
  • by tftp ( 111690 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @10:56PM (#20447775) Homepage
    A "group" of enemy submarines would have to be very lucky indeed to get close enough to score a hit on a carrier.

    This missile [wikipedia.org] can be launched from undersea position 290 km away from the target:

    The missile is in service with the Indian Navy. The missile is fitted on the Rajput class of destroyers. The submarine launched version of the missile is ready for testing. The missile will be either tested on a Kilo class submarine of the Indian Navy or will be tested in Russia.

    (Additional link 1 [strategypage.com] and link 2 [bharat-rakshak.com].)

    I would not call 200 miles a close range. A WWII torpedo was a close range weapon; a Shkval torpedo [wikipedia.org] is a close range weapon. I have no idea what is the protected area around the group, but it can't be that large, and even one such missile can give a heart attack to the carrier group commander, if it misses or is shot down. If it doesn't miss then forget the heart attack, there wouldn't be enough time left for that.

    Of course, the attack does not have to occur in the air - a common 30 yr old 65-76 torpedo [wikipedia.org] (designed in 1976) has range of about 62 miles - if a CG can protect even that circle it is doing better than good. Officially China and Russia have those.

    f you have a carrier group, you own the ocean [...] for the simple reason that you know where you are, and the enemy doesn't.

    This is applicable to submarines which may be a part of CG, but the whole group is hard to fail to notice in, say, Persian Gulf. You may not even need binoculars. The attackers found USS Cole with their eyes tightly shut. And that's one of the reasons why Iran seemingly has the following:

    In early 2000 it was reported that North Korea and Iran were jointly developing an advanced version of the C-802 missile [wikipedia.org]. The missiles initially acquired by Iran from China were rather outdated, and Iran turned to North Korea for missile system technology. The two countries are jointly developing an upgraded version with improved accuracy.

    (quoted from the linked Wikipedia article.)

    And of course we should not forget about the older hardware [wikipedia.org], Iraq has some, and Iran probably also has:

    It is based on Shang You (SY), meaning Upstream anti-ship missile, which in turn, was based on the Russian SS-N-2 Styx missile. The missile looks almost identical to the Shang You (SY) anti-ship missile, and has similar performance. It has a maximum range of 95 km, with a 513 kilogram payload. Silkworm missiles are 7.36 metres long, and weigh 2988 kg. They can be launched from semi-mobile (towed) launchers or from ships.

    The 95 km range is more than enough to cover the whole area of interest. So the carriers are vulnerable if the incoming missiles are arriving faster, closer to the sea, or in larger quantities than the Aegis can protect against. Wikipedia lists its tracking capacity of 100+ targets (with no mentioning on how many targets can be fired upon, which may be classified, or just dependent on how many ships are available, or both.) So if an opponent initiates a land-based attack they can launch 200 missiles, or 300, all at once - and a few of them will make it through.

  • by Comatose51 ( 687974 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @11:33PM (#20448027) Homepage
    Hate to break it to you but the Swedish sub, Gottland has managed to "sink" the USS Reagan before [wikipedia.org] in a war game simulation. The US Navy's defense against diesel electric sub is not that perfect.
  • Re:Slashdot (Score:3, Interesting)

    by dbIII ( 701233 ) on Sunday September 02, 2007 @11:54PM (#20448143)
    That implies Godlike intelligence and ominicience instead of intelligence agencies where those who could easily get jobs in private enterprise have left in disgust since the political appointees are the only ones that will get to the top. People might pretend they intended to make a mistake after the fact to cover the mistake but that's as far as it goes. If we are heading towards a dark future it won't be 1984 (AKA 1920's USSR) - it will be more like Terry Gilliams movie "Brazil" - a totalitarian state that keeps getting the details wrong.
  • by MtViewGuy ( 197597 ) on Monday September 03, 2007 @12:13AM (#20448257)
    ...I think the Russians figured out more or less the same propeller design about the same time the Americans did. People forget the Russians during the Soviet era had excellent scientists, and TsAGI (the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute) did a lot of pioneering work in aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, including work on ship and submarine propeller design.

    By the way, that picture confirms what I saw several times on the History Channel, where they showed a Los Angeles class submarine underwater running with a multibladed propeller (you can see the propeller blades clearly in the video).
  • by arivanov ( 12034 ) on Monday September 03, 2007 @03:01AM (#20449189) Homepage
    Probably. They were actively looking into alternative designs as far back as 80-es. Probably the coolest was using propellers with a free spinning counterpropeller. 3-5 blades on a main propeller preceded by a free spinning one with twice the number angled to rotate in the opposite direction. As a result you get the flow set up in a way where the main is considerably quieter and considerably more efficient. Loaaaaaaaaaads of caveats in getting it right though so no idea if this has made it into their nowdays submarines. Oh, and they were even more stupid than the USA Navy. The actual idea got first published in their equivalent of Scientific American at the time before the navy realised what it is and slapped top secret all over it.
  • by Simonetta ( 207550 ) on Monday September 03, 2007 @03:13AM (#20449235)
    Pay attention to the missiles, not the propeller. Each missile has the ability to burn to death millions of people within minutes. This is more important that any propeller. Don't lose focus on what's really important.

    I realize that I put myself at a risk for saying this, but here it is. These submarines exist for one reason: They exist to kill every human being on earth. That's what they do, that's all they do.

      Allow me to create a word. omnicide: the act of the murder of every human being and all civilization.

      This is omnicide technology. It's the legacy of the so-called cold war and the mentality of preventing the use of nuclear weapons on a massive scale by creating the military framework that ensures the destruction of any country who would use nuclear weapons in a first-strike sneak attack.

        I'm not here to say that this is good or bad. Omnicide technology transcends its own evil. Having been created, it exists outside the concepts and arguments of ordinary legality and morality. But it's here, and it isn't going away.

        In the long run of time, omnicide technology eclipses the governments, religions, and corporations that created it. For that reason, the people who control and oversee omnicide technology have a higher responsibility than to the governments, religions, and corporations who may believe that having funded the creation of this technology, they then can decide to use it.

        They can not. Because this technology can never be used. To do so would kill everyone or nearly everyone on earth and destroy civilization. It is important that the people who oversee this technology understand this. Since it is possible that you will someday be an overseer of omnicide technology, it's important that you understand this.

        In light of this reality, who gives a fuck about a picture of a propeller?
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday September 03, 2007 @03:14AM (#20449245)
    As an ex submariner, I can speak from experience when I say that there are MANY war game examples of submarines slipping into a carrier battle group and "sinking" the carrier. In one excersize I'm familiar with, the sub almost started a fire on the carrier when its signal flare (indicating "I Got You!") actually landed on the carrier's flight deck!

    In the summer, and late spring it's the easiest (for the sub).

    What happens it this: The sun heats the water (usually to depth of 60 or 80 feet - sometimes even to over a hundred) and this warm layer sits on top of the much cooler iso-thermal water beneath it. If a submarine moves to a depth right in or even JUST below this layer, the active sonar pings bounce off the layer, and effectively hide the submarine. The modern ASW ships do carry a submersible sonar "sled" that can dive to below the layer and sometimes detect the sub in that case, but even then, if there is a strong thermal layer and the boat is right in it, it's just about impossible.

    in the winter, however, when virtually the whole ocean is iso-thermal, the sub would have a much harder time. In cases like this, you can have the option of running deep.

    When you're really deep, what happens is as follows: The deeper water (since it is compressed more by more water pressure - duh) conducts sound faster than the water above it, This tends to bend the sonar waves back up towards the surface. Thus there is a critical depth (depending on water salinity and temperature) below which you cannot hear a submarine from a surface (or near surface) sonar array.

    The problem with using this approach, is that the submarine is effectively blind to the task group since the task group's sound waves get bent back up to the surface as well, and if you ascend in the wrong place ... you're BUSTED! This technique couldn't have been used in WWII, though, since those boats couldn't dive deep enough to take advantage of this phenomena.

  • Mod parent up (Score:3, Interesting)

    by MechaStreisand ( 585905 ) on Monday September 03, 2007 @05:09AM (#20449783)
    Very true. Sub props probably have an odd number of blades on them for similar reasons that wind turbines have an odd number of blades on them: having an even number increases the vibration and stresses on the device as a whole. It has to do with one blade being at the top and another being at the bottom at the same time, which puts an uneven load on the prop. Vibration in subs is exactly what you are trying to avoid.
  • by sznupi ( 719324 ) on Monday September 03, 2007 @08:18AM (#20450661) Homepage
    And ORP Orzel (modified Kilo class diesel submarine, extent of modifications is largery unknown, except new German batteries) "sunk" two US submarines during one war game...
  • by greyblack ( 1148533 ) on Monday September 03, 2007 @08:48AM (#20450847)
    During my time in the norwegian military, there was also the rumour that a Norwgian sub [wikipedia.org] "sunk" the Enterprise [wikipedia.org]. The US navy supposedly demanded a coverup, but norwegian officers were too proud to keep quiet.

    The way they did it was that they turned the engine off and waited (in a strategic place) for a big boat to come close enough.

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