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Multifunction Printers — The Forgotten Security Risk?

Posted by ScuttleMonkey on Wed Feb 13, 2008 04:47 PM
from the just-start-with-locks-on-the-doors dept.
eweekhickins writes to share an article in eWeek highlighting the forgotten risks that a multifunction printer could possibly offer. Brendan O'Connor first called attention to the vulnerabilities of these new devices at a Black Hat talk in '06 and warns that these are no longer "dumb" machine sitting in the corner and should be treated with their own respective security strategy. "During his Black Hat presentation in 2006, O'Connor picked apart the security model of a Xerox WorkCentre MFP, showing how the device operated more like a low-end server or workstation than a copier or printer--complete with an AMD processor, 256MB of SDRAM and an 80GB hard drive and running Linux, Apache and PostGreSQL. He showed how the authentication on the device's Web interface can be easily bypassed to launch commands to completely hijack a new Xerox WorkCentre machine."
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  • First virus (Score:5, Interesting)

    by IdeaMan (216340) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @04:48PM (#22411868) Homepage Journal
    Wasn't one of the first Mac viruses spread by a mac printer?
    • Re:First virus (Score:5, Insightful)

      by vux984 (928602) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:22PM (#22412296)
      Wasn't one of the first Mac viruses spread by a mac printer?

      There was a famous trojan that infected apple laser printers via postscript... but I don't think it 'spread' itself so it wasn't really a virus, nor would it qualify as a Mac virus because it didn't infect Macs, just some Apple Printers.

      In any case I think it just lived on the printer. Although one of its effects was to change the password, something that could only be done a limited number of times for some demented reason, which meant eventually the printer would lock you out, and you couldn't reset the password without swapping in a bios or pram, or something along those lines.

      Nonetheless, yes, laserprinters have been 'servers' in their own right for over 20 years, so this is hardly news. The same is true of NAS, Routers, managed switched, and so forth. And as for an 'IT security strategy" really, what can you do? Be aware its possible, and limit your attack surfaces to a level appropriate to the risk of them being compromised and the level of damage they could do if compromised.

      For most of us, "Don't put your printer on the internet" is probably sufficient"IT security strategy"... although for higher security installations, something more detailed would be required.
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        by Anonymous Coward
        The funny thing is, when I was setting up our office network I put the printers in their own network (no router), with the print server being the only host able to access both the printer network and the office network. All print jobs were routed through the print server. All scan jobs were available on the print server's file system.

        The sysadmin who came in after me decided this was a boneheaded decision made by a network NAZI, replaced all my Linux boxen with Windows boxen, moved the printers onto the wor
    • by arth1 (260657) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @06:02PM (#22412796) Homepage Journal
      Dunno if it was the first network printer hack, but I remember having great fun telnetting to our networked printers more than a decade ago, making the tiny LCD display say "Insert Coin".
      • Dunno if it was the first network printer hack, but I remember having great fun telnetting to our networked printers more than a decade ago, making the tiny LCD display say "Insert Coin".

        You should have made that 'Sugar Y/N/Double'


      • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday February 13 2008, @07:25PM (#22413808)
        "Dunno if it was the first network printer hack, but I remember having great fun telnetting to our networked printers more than a decade ago, making the tiny LCD display say "Insert Coin"."

        Fun for you, sure. YOU didn't have to clean the coins out of the gears.

        • That's awesome. I did something similiar to the verifone credit card machine at my first job. I changed the "swipe card" prompt to say "access denied" and everyone thought the machine was broken. They didn't think it was nearly as funny as I did.
  • by daveywest (937112) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @04:50PM (#22411894) Homepage
    Are we going to have a bot net of machines that print our spam for us?
    • by Adriax (746043) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @04:52PM (#22411922)
      Fear the Goatse printer virus.
      • by whoever57 (658626) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:00PM (#22412044) Journal

        Fear the Goatse printer virus.
        Oh, that is just pure evil! Imagine a printer that randomly inserted a small number of Goatse pages in its output.
        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          ... or as a faint watermark that wasn't immediately obvious until in the boss/client's hands.

        • Sort of. After a power outage, i hadnt rebuilt the settings on my wireless router. One day i went into my network places and there were a few new folders in there, as well as another shared printer. Checked the logs and sure enough "ScottsLaptop" or somebody was leeching my wireless. My own fault for not re-securing it, but i still printed several pages of goatse on his shared printer before i booted him off my network. Not really related at all, but a mildly amusing network printer story if there ever were
    • by KublaiKhan (522918) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @04:56PM (#22411972) Homepage Journal
      More evil would be a system that forwards the documents printed to another location....
    • by AuMatar (183847) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:00PM (#22412042)
      No, they print out a ransom note, demanding $1,000,000,000 or they'll print out all our spam. Management will pay, because at the current cost of ink the billion is cheap.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      I know your'e trying to be funny, but at my university, our neighbour department has an (almost) wide open Xerox Workcenter 7245. I say *almost* because they have their Apache with the default 11111 password. Last april the 1rst I printed a 50 pages documetnt (100 copies) to their printer. It was actually the Administrator's guide for the Xerox Workcenter, as a pdf. To this day, they are still asking who the hell missused their printer that way... ;-)

      On a serious side, that machine can send a scanned docum

  • by EmbeddedJanitor (597831) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @04:53PM (#22411940)
    Remove the toner from the printer and you only get white hats.
  • So what? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by SpiritGod21 (884402) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @04:55PM (#22411966) Homepage
    The biggest issue isn't a lack of (software or physical) security regarding the machine, but a lack of a security policy in these instances. At our institution, machines have unique names, unique passwords (when they have to scan to a network drive), and are behind the campus firewall. But a user could get one, hook it up (putting it behind the firewall) and not change the default password and we'd 1) be none the wiser and 2) have no control over the machine. If a department gets one, it's their printer, not ours.

    Still, with client-side antivirus and firewalls, and the control we have over the servers (for a multifunction printer to be able to scan to a server, it has to be given specific access, which doesn't happen lightly), it doesn't seem like being able to access the web interface can pose a whole lot of a threat. An attacker could potentially waste a ream of paper or two, a bit of toner, but I don't foresee any major consequences.
    • by Radon360 (951529) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:15PM (#22412208)

      Let's work with the concept that a multifunction machine get pwned for a moment. Instead of all the ideas of using it to root around on your servers, or join a botnet, what if the vulnerability did something as innocuous as FTP/SMTP (or even fax) images of scanned/printed documents to a server on the outside world?

      Get a machine in a place that does financial or medical records and now you have a steady stream of confidential information going somewhere in the form of soc. security numbers, bank account numbers, etc. all in scanned form.

      Since the machine probably already does this on a regular basis under normal use, it's possible that such an exploit could continue for a while before it would ever be discovered.

    • Re: (Score:2, Funny)

      At our institution, machines have unique names, unique passwords
      yes i'm sure they do, now stop worrying and calm down, the doctor will be here any second
    • In addition to the above industrial espionage potential, they could also be used to aid in a DoS. The second might not be that likely as it's so easy to root a Windows system.
  • is to come into work in the morning to find all the ink and paper has been wasted printing the goatse man over and over again....
  • Weakest Link (Score:5, Insightful)

    by ookabooka (731013) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @04:57PM (#22411990)
    This is actually a very good point, a network is only as strong as its weakest link (or firewall). While each machine on a network may be secure, hijacking a printer can do the same amount of damage as hacking any other machine on the network (save actual servers w/ data on them). Imagine hijacking a printer on a network and then having it send out spam (hey, its on superreliabledomain.com, no reason to hastily toss it in the spam bucket), or arp poisoning to listen in on other traffic on the network it should have no business with. Any device connected to a network should meet a certain standard of security, it only takes one weak link to really mess things up.
    • Thankfully, all of the multi-function print centers I have at my job are never working long enough at one time to get hijacked. Maybe the horrible up-times were a gift from the manufacturers to prevent these attacks!
  • by zappepcs (820751) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @04:57PM (#22411998) Journal
    As noted, this has been covered before. If you are not doing your best to segment your network for security reasons, then you probably deserve to learn about this one the hard way. EVERYTHING now has the smarts/hardware to launch/spread/spawn a virus attack on your network. Every day I get one or two messages about this and mobile computing being the 'number one' threat to our networks.

    FerCrissakes, every USB stick has that ability if you have not done your work/research etc.

    But still, by far, the most dangerous thing on your network is the end user(s)...

    That's life, it's the way the cookie crumbles, and it's how you're going to lose brownie points with the PHB at work.
    • hah. about 10 years ago, I got a call from an admin at the University of Texas. Seems a host on my network was scanning his network pretty aggressively. Figuring the guy went to the trouble to find person responsible for the offending host, me, I talked to him, got the IP, and finally found the host. It was a web cam. huh. So while I had him on the line, I pulled the cable. Scanning stopped. Put the cable back in, scanning started.

      I apologized and pulled the camera off the network. I then plugged it int
      • Man, in a big shop you could loiter by a printer quite easily (hey I'm waiting for a top secret doc) and snarf anything that printed there to read at your leisure later. Those "lost" printouts would simply be resubmitted because Windows/the printer fouled up again.

        On mainframes, you don't even have to stand next to the printer - you can see big jobs (payroll?) if you have SDSF access to the print spooler.
        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          Many larger/more sophisticated printers these days have a "print to mailbox" option that causes the document to remain spooled on the printer indefinitely instead of immediately printed. You have to be physically at the printer and enter your user ID and PIN to start your print job. So that mitigates the hanging around the printer attack, still doesn't help if the printer gets r00ted though.
  • by Digi-John (692918) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @04:59PM (#22412016) Journal
    My dot-matrix parallel printer will never turn on me like that!
    Screeeeeeeech
  • by postbigbang (761081) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:00PM (#22412040)
    Lexmark, Xerox, the list goes on. How about a Linksys WRT54G? How many devices out there can be easily rooted and owned? The list is endless. Who would suspect a logon attempt or a slow port scan from a printer, or a volume-page scanner?

    Maybe your VoIP system's very happy you linked it to your Active Directory with an administrative logon. Seen any weird LDAP requests recently? Had to reboot your RIP engine recently? Surprise!

    Diligence is its own reward.
  • Not simply PSC then (Score:3, Informative)

    by pembo13 (770295) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:04PM (#22412082) Homepage
    I take it from the summary that simple print-scan-copy machines aren't what is being mentioned. Instead, referring to those smart printers that "can access all your companies files" -- couldn't figure how that was a good idea when I saw the ads myself.
    • There are plenty of printers out there with network ports. Once you plug something into your network, it's plugged into your network.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      I take it from the summary that simple print-scan-copy machines aren't what is being mentioned. Instead, referring to those smart printers that "can access all your companies files" -- couldn't figure how that was a good idea when I saw the ads myself.

      We have bunch of these Xeroxes that have - wait for it - an XP workstation hanging off them! No idea what the advantage to that is. You can't use it as a print server, because only ten people at a time can have a connection to it, so as soon as it starts to

      • by Teilo (91279) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:52PM (#22412688) Homepage

        What you are describing is an EFI Fiery RIP. This is not just a "workstation hanging off of the printer." It is doing the actual work of rasterizing the Postscript. Get rid of it, and your Xerox is not even a dumb printer. It won't print at all.

        EFI Fiery controllers generally run a version of XP Embedded, which is itself locked down in a variety of ways, but sometimes not. They often have a proprietary motherboard with unique RIP hardware. We have several here. One, driving a Canon CLC 4000, does not even have enough of Windows present to install a driver (VNC in this case).

        Another, driving a Konica BizHub Pro 6500 is almost wide open, except that we actually had to pay for the privilege of hooking up a monitor and keyboard. That's right, they flash the motherboard in such a way that the machine is headless, unless you pay extra.

  • by Colin Smith (2679) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:17PM (#22412228)
    With processor, ethernet etc that fits into 35mm×19mm×19mm of space[1]. Basically the same OS as your file, printer, web and database servers...

    This means that anything that size or bigger, could be running a set of software perfectly able to be compromised, and used as a springboard into other systems. Anything with a network port should have the same security policies applied as a server.

    [1] e.g. http://www.picotux.com/techdatae.html [picotux.com]
     
  • by SuperBanana (662181) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:33PM (#22412438)

    Brendan O'Conner first called attention to the vulnerabilities of these new devices at a Black Hat talk in '06 and warns that these are no longer "dumb" machine sitting in the corner and should be treated with their own respective security strategy.

    The Xerox WorkCentres are more likely to malfunction, first. They jam incessantly unless you use Xerox brand paper (rather than design their machines to handle popular paper, they design their machines to only handle Xerox paper properly) and they have basic design defects- for example, toner builds up on fingers near the fuser assembly, which has to be scraped off regularly or the machine starts to jam with increasing frequency.

    Also, the print spooler PC on the back of the 3535 units (the B&W ones, may have that # wrong) were completely stupid- when the copier displays a message to the effect of "PC booting" with a progress bar, it's a TIMER, and nothing more- the machine doesn't actually check if the PC successfully booted and is accepting jobs.

    Don't even get me started about how atrocious the Windows-based RIP engine is for the color printers.

    Not even remotely "smart".

  • All kidding aside (printf), we had a break in a few years ago by some very organized Blokes one (of many) thing they hit was an HP 120nr printer (w/ RIP [fonts]) to which they tried (and failed) to chip crowd or replace the firmware. They jumped routers/switches to the local LAN to accomplish this, the network card was damaged in this attempt - we just got it back from the repair shop and the Tech asked me "what did you do, pull the NIC card while it was running?"
    Of course I didn't, nor did anyone here do
  • Not too long ago (less than 4 years) my university's network still gave everyone Real IP Addresses accessible from the Internet anywhere, without much (if any) firewalling. They've since cracked down and NATted, but before that point, apparently, one of the big laser printers was compromised and turned into a warez FTP server.

    Mind you, it still printed.

    This is just the technology filtering down. :)

  • by netsavior (627338) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:45PM (#22412566) Homepage
    We have a $45,000 high quality high volume scan/printer that is a paperweight.

    They purchased it for scanning confidential documents. The hitch is that there is only 1 way to get documents off of this printer: A public non-protected network share... This is basically against the law for a bank.

    I suggested that I could set up a private network and they could securely upload docs to the proper place with the right security, however that plan was nixed for being "non-standard"
    The result is that now they consult me when buying a pencil sharpener because they don't know how it will affect network security.
  • by The Infamous TommyD (21616) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @11:36PM (#22416300)
    http://csrc.nist.gov/nissc/2000/proceedings/papers/034.pdf [nist.gov]

    Basically, 9 years ago we showed some remarkably embarassing features in Xerox multifunction printer/copiers/faxes. Including SNMP access to plaintext passwords!

    I wonder how many of these "features" are still there.
    • Re:ABout time (Score:5, Insightful)

      by mpapet (761907) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @05:10PM (#22412132) Homepage
      I'm calling you on this because I think it's very improbable without a laptop in the physical location. Sure it broadcasts like crazy in a LAN, but there's a HUGE leap from getting on the printer to turning it into your bot from a remote destination. Did the print server have a public IP?

      Some details please.

      • I can't find the story now, but I remember some security guys (doing the same work the guys in Sneakers did) that got into a bank network. They went into the bank, and asked to use the restroom. They got into the ceiling from there, and hooked a wireless router into their network cord that was going through the ceiling. From there they got into the network through the wireless connection, and hacked into the ATM among other things.
          • by GNU(slash)Nickname (761984) on Wednesday February 13 2008, @07:00PM (#22413522)

            I doubt the banks DNS is going to give the laptop an IP
            Yep, pretty sure you're right about that.
              • Plus how do you know what IP address is a printer without special tools such as a sniffer.

                It's pretty rare for people to change the MAC address of their devices, even on devices that allow it. And since each vendor is allocated its own prefix(es) it's pretty straightforward to narrow your search to e.g. Xerox MAC addresses. With a bit of research it's likely you'd be able to find even narrower prefixes that the vendor has allocated to particular types of printers.

                don't you want to control that printer and it's agent from outside the bank? To do that you got to do a lot more things, like change firewall/router rules and routing tables

                I think that's what the installation of the wireless router is for.

                Also, don't forget that all your criticisms are implying tha

    • Lol (Score:2, Funny)

      by Anonymous Coward
      Im in ur bulbs, givin u seezures.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        Last I checked (which was a few minutes ago), every current Konica Minolta office product has every feature you're talking about ("office products" excludes the printers, SOHO toys and production equipment (like the C6500 mentioned in another thread - which being a production machine shouldn't be anywhere near a corporate or public network - it's a print room machine!)). Data erasure policies for RAM and HDD, Active Directory login, security logging, internal firewall... plus many you didn't mention such a