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National Archive File Format Time Bomb

Posted by ScuttleMonkey on Wed Jul 04, 2007 12:57 PM
from the cleaning-up-your-own-messes dept.
geordie_loz writes "The BBC is reporting that the UK National Archive is warning of old formats being a 'ticking time-bomb' where data is going to be lost because of incompatibility in newer versions of software, and software not existing at all. More surprisingly, Microsoft has offered a solution via the OOXML format."
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[+] Microsoft Announces OOXML-UOF Project with China 106 comments
Andy Updegrove writes "Today, Microsoft announced its own interoperability project to bridge the gap between China's domestically developed Uniform Office Format (UOF) and Microsoft's OOXML. In the continuing tit for tat battle between ODF and OOXML, this announcement tracks the intent of an already-existing 'harmonization' committee, hosted by OASIS, that is exploring interoperability options between ODF and UOF. Like the OOXML-ODF translator project announced by Microsoft last year, the new effort will be an open source project hosted by SourceForge. The announcement is, in one sense, no surprise. Microsoft has been waging a nation-by-nation battle for the hearts and minds of ISO/IEC JTC1 National Bodies, in an effort to win adoption of OOXML (now Ecma 376) as a global standard with equal status to ODF (now ISO 26300). In order to do so, it needs to offset the argument that one document format standard is not only enough, but preferable. With UOF representing a third entrant in the format race, easy translation of documents would obviously be key to lessen the burden on customers of products based upon one format or the other."
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  • Tagging beta... (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Rufty (37223)
    ITSATRAP!
  • don't give in to MS on this one, some states in the US have already and it's no better than standard word format because it's owned by a private entity. use the Open Office format if you want to be sure that you won't get the rug pulled out from under you some years down the road.

    • by dvice_null (981029) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:20PM (#19745579)
      There is no such thing as Open Office format. Perhaps you mean OpenDocument Format, which is used by several different applications ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_applications_ supporting_OpenDocument [wikipedia.org] ), including OpenOffice.org.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        by esmrg (869061)
        OpenOffice.org does have its own native format; "OpenOffice.org 1.0 Text", extension: .sxw. It was introduced with the original release, but no longer the default since the introduction of OpenDocument.
        While the GP may or may not have been exactly sure what they were referring to, it doesn't make them wrong.
      • by syousef (465911) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @04:10PM (#19747373) Journal
        There is no such thing as Open Office format.

        Rubbish. I've worked at places with an Open Office format. Basically they open the office to any monkey who turns up for a job interview and a handful of people have to make up for their incompetence.
        • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2007, @03:38PM (#19747079)
          "Spacing like WP6"? "Caclculate incorrect leap year like Excel"?

          Becuase if you want to include bugs etc, then no, it doesn't support each and every 2007 feature.

          If you mean supporting tables, nested documents, embedded graphs, scripting and so on, yes.

          It may not be "click the same buttons" feature correct nor probably the "run the same VB code" compatible.

          Take a look at some of the people on the board that devised ODF. They include the US National Archives. Print media. Archivists.

          Y'know, people who KNOW DOCUMENTS.

          As to the remainder of your questions, there is a process, it does have to go through comittee (else how does everyone else know how to implement the new standard? MS doesn't have this problem since they only want themselves to know their updated standard). It is XML so it is extensible (decode the initialism). The process will take as long as it takes. Much the same as Vista will take as long as it takes to get SP 1 out.

          I don't see how these latter issues are something that is a part of ODF and not any form of standardisation that OfficeXML will have to have to go through for anyone other than MS to implement...
        • by a.d.trick (894813) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @04:06PM (#19747323) Homepage

          Does the ODF specification support each and every Word/Excel/Powerpoint 2007 feature?
          Thank goodness no. "Auto Space like Word 95"? That's in the OOXML spec (and there's no explanation on how Word 95 does spacing either).

          If not, is it extensible?

          Yeah, it's XML. Also, unlike OOXML, ODF uses namespaces, so you can create a separate standard if you don't want to muck around with ODF.

          If it is extensible, do changes have to go through some sort of committee to be incorporated? How frequently are changes incorporated? How long is the process?

          It would depend. The thing about changing standards is that it causes problems for all sorts of people. There is a real need for a stable and standardized document format that just doesn't change, or if it does, very slightly.

  • Idiots (Score:4, Insightful)

    by suv4x4 (956391) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:03PM (#19745415)
    The BBC is reporting that the UK National Archive is warning of old formats being a 'ticking time-bomb' where data is going to be lost because of incompatibility in newer versions of software, and software not existing at all. More surprisingly, Microsoft has offered a solution via the OOXML format.

    There are so many idiots in this state of the affairs:

    1. the idiots which decided to build huge archive with undocumented proprietary format
    2. idiots which believe they can't find even a single copy of the software they need
    3. idiots who didn't store a single copy of the software that reads the format, together with the archive (not very far from obvious, is it).
    4. idiots who want to convince other idiots that OOXML is an open format (versus straight XML serialization of the whatever binary DOC was in the source code base at the time in MS)
    • Re:Idiots (Score:4, Interesting)

      by xtracto (837672) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:09PM (#19745491) Journal
      2. idiots which believe they can't find even a single copy of the software they need

      Please give me a link to a copy of the Professional Write 3 (PW) software app. for MSDOS 6.

      Yep, I had that very problem some years ago when I was cleaning my room and found several 5 1/4 disquettes which contained the .pw extension. No way to find the program.

      • Re:Idiots (Score:4, Insightful)

        by CastrTroy (595695) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:13PM (#19745525) Homepage
        I believe points 2 and 3 can be lumped into 1 format. It's like creating backup tapes, and then throwing out the tape reader. Who thinks these systems up?
        • Re:Idiots (Score:5, Insightful)

          by tolan-b (230077) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:23PM (#19745615)
          It's not an archive of files in a single format, it's an archive of files in general, many formats, depending on which format the file was originally in.

          The system wasn't thought up any more than a library thinks up all the books it contains.
            • Re:Doesn't matter. (Score:5, Interesting)

              by Bazzargh (39195) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @03:09PM (#19746807)
              And being a government, these files are INCREDIBLY important.

              Why haven't they been converted? Really, all their DIGITAL archives should be in a single format by now.


              No, they shouldn't. You usually want 3 formats:
              - the original format of the document. Whatever whichever idiot happened to write (or record, or video) it in, you absolutely want the original in your records.
              - a searchable format (eg OCR'd text from scanned image docs)
              - a rendered format. (eg an image or pdf, or svg - something open enough that you can continue to show how the doc would have looked). The appropriate rendered format varies. Paper is not an appropriate format for storing CCTV footage, for example ;)

              If you're very, very lucky the original is both searchable and viewable; like, say, HTML. It gets more complicated too, because you often want to store a redacted copy of the document (think of the Onion story 'CIA realise they've been using black highlighter pen all these years') and you want that searchable too, so you have to keep a redacted searchable format too... and of course, some of the records are on actual paper. Have you started worrying about the fading inks in the originals yet?

              BTW you can't restrict the format of the original. Consider an email from a corporate bidding for a govt contract, with attachments. They need to keep those.

              - Mr. E

              PS, posting anon because I have dealings with the national archives, and don't want to speak for my company.

              • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                by Bazzargh (39195)
                Hum now. completely failed to tick the posting anon box :) good job I held back from expressing opinions in there.
              • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                by bheer (633842)

                Whatever is worth keeping for a long time should be on paper and translated in more than one language.

                Er, even if you translate it into other languages, they'll evolve too. Try reading Old French much? And translation also leaves you with the headache of reconciling various translations and figuring out which is "more correct" (IIRC the Bible has this problem). It would be a much better idea to make redundant copies, to guard against bitrot and store them as physically apart as possible.

                I doubt that the now

                • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

                  For example, I keep a copy of DOS and Win3.1 ISOs (about 20MB total) and Norton Commander (3 floppy images!) on a DVDR, along with a copy of Virtual PC. This lets me recreate a Windows 3.1 virtual PC anytime I want.

                  Now.... You can do that now. However, in 100 years, will this be possible? You do not know what the future brings. Let's not even talk about 1000 years and beyond. Now; you backed this stuff up on a DVD and you die tomorrow. Your kids keep the data, and when they die a historian speciali

                  • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

                    by ozmanjusri (601766)
                    Whoever modded this "Funny" is wrong. It should be insightful.

                    My copy of Office XP won't activate on any of the computers I currently own (the hardware it was originally activated on is long-dead), and that's only 5 years old.

      • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

        by mjensen (118105)
        Don't have a link, but have Professional Write on CD of "Work software not used anymore"

        Along with Professional File (database product)....
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Kjella (173770)
      1. the idiots which decided to build huge archive with undocumented proprietary format

      Which seems reasonable at a time when "everyone" has a computer that'll read it, for example when it comes to image viewers there's software covering literally hundreds of formats without issue.

      2. idiots which believe they can't find even a single copy of the software they need

      It's supposed to be an archive, not a "well we'll have to dig up a copy of the software, I'll get back to you in some months.

      3. idiots who didn't st
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by timeOday (582209)

      3. idiots who didn't store a single copy of the software that reads the format, together with the archive (not very far from obvious, is it).

      That's easier said than done. You'd have to keep multiple copies of everything, including hardware, up to the point where you're confident you have a stable standard - probably the power mains - and that's if you're not worried about violating licenses. Of course, with the advent of online apps, there is no way to snapshot the entire ecosystem of servers and softwa

        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          by timeOday (582209)

          Just an FYI, governments don't have to worry about licensing. Especially in situations like this. They have the power of eminent domain.
          Think about Valve's Steam software for protecting video games (or any software that requires network activation). Just because you're willing to bypass it doesn't mean you can.
    • It's not just about the software. It's the hardware, too.

      I'm sure that most of the archive data created today is stored on something like DVDs but, as recently as the early 1990s, the official long-term storage medium for the UK government was Syquest 44MB removable cartridge hard drives [wikipedia.org].

      I know that I have a working 44MB drive (well, when I last fired it up, which would have been sometime last decade) somewhere in my attic but I doubt that too many of these drives are still in existance.

      I only hope that the
          • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

            by nneonneo (911150)
            Step back, though, and think for a minute about the "house of cards" upon which that Word document rests.

            It rests on
            1) Physical storage medium -- whether this is Flash, Hard Drive, Optical Medium, [NV]RAM, etc., all these technologies may be very difficult to retrieve data from, especially if the level of technology happens to go down in the future (say, global thermonuclear war). Even if data is retrieved, there's no guarantee that it's intact after 1000 years (the dyes in CDs will have decomposed by that
  • Use SGML (Score:5, Funny)

    by Morgaine (4316) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:04PM (#19745421)
    It predates Moses, and is quite likely to survive the heat death of the universe.
      • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

        by Cheesey (70139)
        Yes, it's true. Sadly, early transcribers of the book left out the stuff they didn't understand. In addition to a number of now-forgotten sections describing the role of evolution in the creation of life, this included the following cryptic verses:

        2:2 And on the seventh day God said :wq and then make.

        2:3 And God watched gcc running and sanctified it, because it would have taken Him at least two weeks to write the whole thing in machine code.
  • The big lie... (Score:5, Informative)

    by advocate_one (662832) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:04PM (#19745425)
    they keep repeating this everytwhere they go... "Open XML"... their format is not Open... it's closed off with licensing and other restrictions... all the really good stuff in the specification has been obfuscated out and hidden behind indirections to the behaviour of legacy apps that only microsoft know the real ins and outs of... not only that, there's still an easy means for them to merely use XML as a wrapper for binary blobs...

    to give it a proper name, the format is "Microsoft Open Office XML", they deliberately went to a lot of trouble to pick a name that's as easily to confuse as possible with OpenOffice

    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      by Quarters (18322)
      Their name choice has certainly worked on you. It's not "Microsoft Open Office XML" like you said. It's "Microsoft Office Open XML".
    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      they keep repeating this everytwhere they go... "Open XML"... their format is not Open... it's closed off with licensing and other restrictions... all the really good stuff in the specification has been obfuscated out and hidden behind indirections to the behaviour of legacy apps that only microsoft know the real ins and outs of... not only that, there's still an easy means for them to merely use XML as a wrapper for binary blobs...

      You don't understand the format then. Office Open XML is the ultimate in

  • MS benefits a lot from upgrades, that way you end up "needing" to pay for an upgrade down the road regardless of whether you bought a new computer or not. they stand to lose everything if open source is seen to be nearly or just as good by people at large/the government so they do just what they are required but not enough to weaken future cash streams from upgrades in the future.
  • This is why we should be using open formats, particularly for things that are really complex like video codecs.
  • by Colin Smith (2679) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:12PM (#19745515)
    If you have a problem with proprietary formats you go to Microsoft to solve it for you... The word "DOH" springs to mind.

    Oh yeah, their solution? Virtualised Windows 3.1. And obviously in 15 years you'll have to virtualise Vista in order to run the Win3.1 virtual machine to run Word. And Microsoft will be paid a license for each application and level of virtualisation.

    You couldn't make this stuff up.
     
        • by Cheesey (70139) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @02:46PM (#19746519)
          The idea that an institution like the British Library, which is run by people bright enough to make you look like a dead match, would accept such a preposterous idea is insulting.

          Unfortunately, those bright people don't get to make technical decisions.

          The British Library recently introduced SED [www.bl.uk], an electronic document delivery system. With SED, you can order electronic copies of journal papers and articles from their archives. Great idea! Previously, you had to wait for the documents to come through the post, and that would take a week or so. Now you get them by email in a couple of working days.

          Except that the documents are crippled by Adobe DRM, which imposes the following restrictions:
          • You can only view them using certain specific versions of Acrobat Reader (6 or 7) - the latest version is not recommended [www.bl.uk].
          • The software only works on Windows 2000 or XP. No Linux support, no Mac support. Vista might work, but again, it's not recommended.
          • You can only look at each document for a limited time, and you can only print it once.
          So, if you want to use the service, you'd better hope that you have (a) the right version of Windows, (b) the right version of Acrobat Reader, (c) a reliable net connection, and, most importantly, (d) a very reliable printer that won't chew up the document. Unless you're a filthy dirty pirate, of course.

          If Adobe managed to convince the British Library to put up with this ridiculous system, I am sure that Microsoft will have no difficulty convincing them about their archive "solution". If SED is anything to go by, it'll be another awful implementation of a great idea.
  • by erroneus (253617) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:12PM (#19745521) Homepage
    No. The obvious solution for the predicted problem of data being unavailable due to being in unsupported proprietary formats is to move it to a widely supported non-proprietary format.

    As "well intentioned" as Microsoft may be, Microsoft's Open XML cannot be anything but proprietary when its code references Windows and Office API functions rather than more precise data format information as with ODF. (For more information about this, you might search out the arguments against making OOXML an ISO standard.)

  • by wile_e_wonka (934864) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:23PM (#19745619)
    It seems to me that this is really a nonproblem--OOo is compatible with lots of "dead" formats (or, can read them at least), as well as many other open source office programs. I can't imagine they're going to begin throwing away this compatability--it isn't like it takes extra coding (as far as I know). Also, I have found Microsoft Word's "Extract text from any file" to work pretty well (I had a roommate with a corrupted Mac-formatted disk that had his deceased grandmother's journal on it in some old Mac Word file (a format still readable in Word, but the disk was corrupted so I couldn't just open the file). I popped it in my parents' now deceased iMac and the only program I found that opened it was Word, using the "Extract text from any file" function. I emailed him the journal and he thanked me profusely).

    Also--as noted, the OOXML format is a nonsolution for this nonproblem. It seems like it would be a waste of effort--why convert a bunch of files to a format that may die just as quickly as any other format, when you can just leave the file as is and open it in OOo (assuming I'm correct that they won't stop read support for dead formats)?

    Also, it seems to me that no current format or any future format will ever solve this nonproblem because formats will always change as new functionality is continually added. The better solution is to keep this a nonproblem by having open source software that can read old file formats.
  • I think I've read something that they are already unable to read some data stored on computers in the Ex-German Democratic Republic.

    The only solution IMHO is _open and documented_ interfaces, protocols, programs, data types and hardware. In the future they won't be able to read our disks and files. They just can try to build a machine that reads our disks and files - for which they need documentation how they work.
  • surprise? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Tom (822) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:25PM (#19745633) Homepage Journal
    What's surprising about that? Someone in MS Spin Control and Public Relations is worth his salary. The story could have exploded into an "avoid MS products if you want your data accessible some years down the road" fiasco (we all know that MS is the worst offender when it comes to changing the document formats, usually undocumented). Instead, it was turned into another push for their next format.

    Brilliant.

    "What, the shit I sold you yesterday stinks? Try this new shit, it's great and it has none of the problems of the old one."

    That's what you hire PR people for.
  • by FreudianNightmare (1106709) on Wednesday July 04 2007, @01:26PM (#19745641)
    Rather than bitching about Microsoft making an offer of 'help' which is just thinly disguised marketing (I mean, come on, par for the course no?), could we get a discussion about real solutions? I know MS bashing is fun, but come on, we do it on just about every other thread... lets have a day off.

    To kick things off here's one:

    Keep EVERYTHING in the simplest possible format. ASCII would seem sensible, since its the content we care about, not the formatting. (although that wouldn't help our Asiatic brethren much). Then Keep decent records of HOW you can read that format. With examples of the software and hardware. do this bit on PAPER. V. Tough Paper (or rock, or plastic or whatever). Update the explanations every other year, to put it in language the next gen will understand. Maybe also have instructions on how to translate the simple format to less simple things.

    I guess, basically, its a case of KISS and then *provide a persistent and regularly updated 'Rosetta Stone'* for latecomers to work from.

    As a side branch, this kind of reminds me of discussions I read about a while back of how to warn future generations about Nuclear Waste dumps (y'know, the really nasty stuff with half-lives in the thousands of years range). I don't think anyone ever came up with a decent answer....
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      ASCII would seem sensible, since its the content we care about, not the formatting.

      No, the formatting is important as well. Sometimes 'the medium is the message', and that whole bunch of artsy crap we geeks would prefer to ignore. - Just think of it as an engineering challenge in order to make the pain go away.

      You always archive the original (unless you have a batch; then you sample one and call it the original), and that original can be in just about any format, hand-written, coffee-stained, in sanskrit. When scanning a document into an electronic archive the ideal would be to have OCR

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Kjella (173770)
      "There is always an easy solution to every human problem--neat,
      plausible, and wrong." -- H.L.Mencken, The Divine Afflatus (1917).

      Ok, you started by identifying one problem - asian languages. In fact, pretty much every non-US language since you said ASCII and not Latin1. So we can extend that to UTF-8 with no problems, except there's probably a huge table just for the 100000 characters or so, even though the spec is quite short.

      But then, you have only characters, which is probably fine for basic text. How ab
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by davecb (6526) *

      We fought a lot with this at Siemens (Sietec) about fifteen years ago, when trying to decide what format to use on stackers full of 12" WORM disks, which were just nicely becoming useful for large-scale archival storage in those days. We needed format that would outlast the disks, which probably meant 50-100 years assuming normal replacement/turnover.

      We ended up with the bottom level being a WORM standard, which was served out to users via the NFS standard, which was reasonably close to a Unix filesystem

  • I just can't believe that Microsoft think they can get away with lecturing others about open standards.
  • Microsoft's UK head Gordon Frazer warned of a looming "digital dark age"
    A dark age caused by... Microsoft... Actually they're just doing what comes naturally.

    The real problem seems to be the credulous morons in charge of the National Archives project.

     
  • ...this argument that files and data will one day just magically become inaccessible in the future. I have tape and diskette media for my Commodore Pet machines that goes back to 1978. That's 29 years ago, and guess what? The great majority of this media is STILL READABLE. Furthermore, the tools [c64.org] necessary to transfer any of my old media to modern PCs have been around for well over a decade. Once you have the data on a modern PC the rest can be handled with emulation or virtualization. For someone to co
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      That's a silly argument. You just have to emulate Windows95 on whatever platform you're using 100 years from now, not all the intermediate platforms. For example, high speed computers today can still play old arcade games from 30+ years ago through emulation, but we're not doing it by emulating a Pentium that is emulating an Amiga that is emulating a Commodore 64 that is emulating an arcade machine, we're just emulating the arcade machine. It's not a good solution to file format issues, but virtualizatio
    • IBM (Score:3, Informative)

      If you are going to choose a proprietary vendor to safeguard your data wouldn't IBM be the obvious choice. They have proven their ability to keep 20 year old programs running in modern environments without modification.

      It has been a while since I worked on an AS/400 system... so anyone with updated info please feel free to correct me if things have changed.

      It seems like a no-brainer.

      Link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS/400 [wikipedia.org]
        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          by TheRaven64 (641858)
          I have run that same version of Visicalc, in DOSBox, on a PowerPC Mac. Actually, I've run a few programs in that environment that don't run on Windows without the aid of DOSBox. To me, this says that third parties are better than Microsoft themselves for backwards compatibility with Microsoft programs. I wonder how long it will be before WINE has better support for old Windows apps. I think this is already the case for a few win16 programs...
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      by Macthorpe (960048)
      The video is of the managing director of Microsoft UK, not someone associated with the British library. Hence the caption 'Microsoft UK Managing Director Gordon Frazer running Windows 3.1 on a Vista PC'.

      Yes, that was sarcastic, but you deserved it.